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Inhibit monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters

Inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane

Competitively block beta-adrenergic receptors

Increase insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas

Inhibit the phosphodiesterase enzyme, leading to increased levels of cyclic AMP

Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes

Irreversibly bind to and inhibit the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme in parietal cells

Mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal glands and have multiple effects, including anti-inflammatory

Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic cell

Inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls

Mimic natural substances, interfering with cell growth and division

Enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Specifically target and bind to antigens, such as those found on cancer cells or involved in immune responses

Decrease glucose production by the liver and increase insulin sensitivity

Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into the presynaptic neuron

Attach alkyl groups to DNA, interfering with DNA replication and transcription

Neuraminidase inhibitors prevent the release of new influenza virus particles

Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Inhibit the HIV protease enzyme, preventing viral replication

Inhibit the entry of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells

Bind to opioid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system

Competitively block histamine H2 receptors on parietal cells in the stomach

Bind to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, causing misreading of mRNA

Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase

Activate PPAR-gamma, a type of nuclear regulatory protein

Increase the excretion of water and electrolytes from the body

Inhibit the action of tyrosine kinases, which are enzymes involved in many cell functions including cell signaling, growth, and division

Prevent or inhibit the immune response

Cause vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle