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Drug Classes and Mechanisms

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ACE Inhibitors

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Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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Tricyclic Antidepressants

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Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into the presynaptic neuron

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Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

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Bind to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, causing misreading of mRNA

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MAO Inhibitors

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Inhibit monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters

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Alkylating Agents

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Attach alkyl groups to DNA, interfering with DNA replication and transcription

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Beta Blockers

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Competitively block beta-adrenergic receptors

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Antimetabolites

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Mimic natural substances, interfering with cell growth and division

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Antifungal - Azoles

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Inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane

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Proton Pump Inhibitors

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Irreversibly bind to and inhibit the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme in parietal cells

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H2 Receptor Antagonists

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Competitively block histamine H2 receptors on parietal cells in the stomach

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Calcium Channel Blockers

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Inhibit the entry of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells

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Statins

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Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase

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Sulfonylureas

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Increase insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas

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Nitrates

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Cause vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle

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Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

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Inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls

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Thiazolidinediones

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Activate PPAR-gamma, a type of nuclear regulatory protein

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NSAIDs

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Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes

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Biguanides

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Decrease glucose production by the liver and increase insulin sensitivity

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SSRIs

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Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic cell

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Benzodiazepines

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Enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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Antivirals for Influenza

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Neuraminidase inhibitors prevent the release of new influenza virus particles

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Monoclonal Antibodies

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Specifically target and bind to antigens, such as those found on cancer cells or involved in immune responses

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Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

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Inhibit the action of tyrosine kinases, which are enzymes involved in many cell functions including cell signaling, growth, and division

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Opioids

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Bind to opioid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system

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Macrolide Antibiotics

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Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome

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Antivirals - HIV Protease Inhibitors

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Inhibit the HIV protease enzyme, preventing viral replication

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Corticosteroids

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Mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal glands and have multiple effects, including anti-inflammatory

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Diuretics

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Increase the excretion of water and electrolytes from the body

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Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

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Inhibit the phosphodiesterase enzyme, leading to increased levels of cyclic AMP

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Immunosuppressants

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Prevent or inhibit the immune response

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