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Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
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Flashcards
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Metformin
Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and attenuates intestinal absorption of glucose.
Glipizide
Stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Glyburide
Increases insulin release from the pancreas.
Pioglitazone
Activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), improving insulin sensitivity.
Repaglinide
Stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion by closing ATP-dependent potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells.
Sitagliptin
Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), increasing incretin levels which enhance insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release.
Saxagliptin
Prevents the breakdown of incretins by inhibiting DPP-4, leading to increased insulin production and decreased glucagon secretion.
Acarbose
Inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidases leading to delayed carbohydrate absorption.
Vildagliptin
Inhibits DPP-4 enzyme, which increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels during hyperglycemia.
Canagliflozin
Inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal renal tubules, reducing reabsorption of glucose and increasing its excretion in urine.
Linagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor that enhances glycemic control through increased incretin hormone levels.
Dapagliflozin
Blocks the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, leading to more glucose being removed through urine.
Chlorpropamide
Increases insulin production from the pancreas by stimulating pancreatic beta cells.
Glimepiride
Sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release by closing potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells.
Nateglinide
Increases insulin secretion by binding to and inhibiting ATP-dependent potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells.
Miglitol
Delays carbohydrate absorption by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine.
Rosiglitazone
Increases insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, muscle, and the liver by activating PPAR-γ.
Tolbutamide
Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Empagliflozin
Inhibits SGLT2 in the kidneys, enhancing glucose excretion and lowering blood glucose levels.
Liraglutide
Mimics the hormone GLP-1 to increase insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, and slow gastric emptying.
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