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Entropy and Disorder
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Increasing the temperature of a solid
Entropy increases as the heat causes the molecules in the solid to vibrate more, slightly increasing the disorder within the crystal lattice.
Evaporation of water
Entropy increases when water evaporates because the gas phase has higher disorder, with water molecules moving freely and occupying more space.
Recharging a battery
Entropy decreases during the charging process as electrical energy is used to drive chemical reactions that create order within the battery.
Cooling a gas to a liquid
Entropy decreases because the gas condenses into a liquid, reducing the volume and the molecular freedom, thus decreasing disorder.
Melting ice at 0°C
Entropy increases as the solid phase (ice) turns into a liquid phase (water) because the molecules move more freely in the liquid phase.
Rust forming on iron
Entropy increases as the structured iron atoms react with oxygen and become iron oxide (rust), a more disordered state.
Mixing two gases into one container
Entropy increases as the gases spread out to fill the entire container, increasing the randomness and disorder of the system.
Photosynthesis
Entropy generally decreases locally as plants convert disordered molecules (CO and HO) into more ordered glucose molecules, but the overall entropy of the universe increases due to energy input from the sun.
Formation of snowflakes
Entropy decreases as water vapor condenses into a highly ordered structure of a snowflake, resulting from hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
Diffusion of perfume in a room
Entropy increases as the perfume molecules spread out from a concentrated area to fill the entire room, leading to a more disordered state.
Dissolving sugar in water
Entropy increases because the solid sugar crystals become dispersed in the water, increasing the disorder of the system.
Compressing a gas
Entropy decreases as the gas molecules are forced closer together, reducing the disorder of the system.
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