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Entropy and Disorder

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Diffusion of perfume in a room

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Entropy increases as the perfume molecules spread out from a concentrated area to fill the entire room, leading to a more disordered state.

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Recharging a battery

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Entropy decreases during the charging process as electrical energy is used to drive chemical reactions that create order within the battery.

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Cooling a gas to a liquid

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Entropy decreases because the gas condenses into a liquid, reducing the volume and the molecular freedom, thus decreasing disorder.

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Formation of snowflakes

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Entropy decreases as water vapor condenses into a highly ordered structure of a snowflake, resulting from hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

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Rust forming on iron

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Entropy increases as the structured iron atoms react with oxygen and become iron oxide (rust), a more disordered state.

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Dissolving sugar in water

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Entropy increases because the solid sugar crystals become dispersed in the water, increasing the disorder of the system.

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Mixing two gases into one container

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Entropy increases as the gases spread out to fill the entire container, increasing the randomness and disorder of the system.

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Evaporation of water

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Entropy increases when water evaporates because the gas phase has higher disorder, with water molecules moving freely and occupying more space.

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Increasing the temperature of a solid

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Entropy increases as the heat causes the molecules in the solid to vibrate more, slightly increasing the disorder within the crystal lattice.

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Melting ice at 0°C

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Entropy increases as the solid phase (ice) turns into a liquid phase (water) because the molecules move more freely in the liquid phase.

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Compressing a gas

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Entropy decreases as the gas molecules are forced closer together, reducing the disorder of the system.

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Photosynthesis

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Entropy generally decreases locally as plants convert disordered molecules (CO2_2 and H2_2O) into more ordered glucose molecules, but the overall entropy of the universe increases due to energy input from the sun.

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