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Thermodynamic Properties
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Enthalpy
Total heat content of a system at constant pressure. Units: Joules (J)
Volume
Space occupied by a substance. Units: Cubic meters (m^3), liters (L), gallons (gal)
Heat Capacity
Quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree. Units: Joules per Kelvin (J/K)
Specific Heat
Heat capacity per unit mass. Units: Joules per kilogram-Kelvin (J/(kg·K))
Temperature
Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Units: Kelvin (K), Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F)
Gibbs Free Energy
Energy associated with a chemical reaction that can be used to do work. Units: Joules (J)
Entropy
Measure of disorder or randomness in a system. Units: Joules per Kelvin (J/K)
Internal Energy
Total energy contained within a system. Units: Joules (J)
Pressure
Force exerted per unit area. Units: Pascal (Pa), bar, atmospheres (atm)
Thermal Conductivity
Measure of a material's ability to conduct heat. Units: Watts per meter-Kelvin (W/(m·K))
Specific Volume
Volume occupied by a unit mass of a substance. Units: Cubic meters per kilogram (m^3/kg)
Heat of Vaporization
Amount of energy needed to change a substance from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase at its boiling point. Units: Joules per kilogram (J/kg)
Reynolds Number
Dimensionless quantity used to predict flow patterns in fluid dynamics. No specific units.
Mach Number
Dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound. No specific units.
Phase
Distinct state of matter characterized by its properties. No specific units.
Molar Heat Capacity
Heat capacity per mole of a substance. Units: Joules per mole-Kelvin (J/(mol·K))
Prandtl Number
Dimensionless number that relates the momentum diffusivity (kinematic viscosity) to the thermal diffusivity. No specific units.
Viscosity
A fluid's resistance to flow. Units: Pascal-seconds (Pa·s), also known as Poiseuille (Pl)
Thermal Expansion Coefficient
Measure of a material's fractional change in length or volume per degree change in temperature. Units: Per Kelvin (1/K)
Heat of Fusion
Amount of energy needed to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase at its melting point. Units: Joules per kilogram (J/kg)
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