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Affected species: Birds, Symptoms: Respiratory distress, decreased egg production, and death, Treatment options: Culling of infected animals, biosecurity measures, and vaccination in some cases

Affected species: Horses, Symptoms: Severe recurrent infections, failure to thrive, and chronic diarrhea, Treatment options: Euthanasia is common as there is no cure; Bone marrow transplant has been used in some cases

Affected species: Birds, reptiles, and mammals, Symptoms: Muscle cysts, weakness, and neurological symptoms, Treatment options: Antiparasitic medications and supportive care

Affected species: Horses, Symptoms: Respiratory and neurological signs, Treatment options: Euthanasia; vaccine available for prevention

Affected species: Birds, especially parrots, Symptoms: Eye infections, respiratory problems, and lethargy, Treatment options: Antibiotics such as doxycycline

Affected species: Parrots, Symptoms: Beak deformities, feather loss, and immunosuppression, Treatment options: No cure, supportive care and beak maintenance can prolong quality of life

Affected species: Amphibians, fish, and reptiles, Symptoms: Hemorrhaging, swollen limbs, and lethargy, Treatment options: Managing outbreaks and reducing stress in affected populations

Affected species: Elephants, Symptoms: Vesicles and erosions in the mouth and feet, lameness, and fever, Treatment options: Supportive care, isolation, and possible vaccination

Affected species: Tasmanian devils, Symptoms: Facial tumors, difficulty eating, and death, Treatment options: Disease management includes captive breeding and isolation of affected animals

Affected species: Non-human primates, Symptoms: Fever, bleeding, and organ failure, Treatment options: Supportive care and quarantine measures to prevent transmission

Affected species: Aquatic mammals, Symptoms: Liver and intestinal damage, anemia, and reduced growth, Treatment options: Antiparasitic drugs and controlling snail populations that host the parasite

Affected species: Birds, particularly domestic poultry, Symptoms: Respiratory problems, nervous system dysfunction, and sudden death, Treatment options: Vaccination for prevention, culling of infected flocks

Affected species: Lions, Symptoms: Weakened immune system, secondary infections, and dental issues, Treatment options: No specific treatment; management focuses on maintaining health and preventing secondary infections

Affected species: Sea turtles, Symptoms: External tumors, internal growths, and may impede mobility or organ function, Treatment options: Surgical removal of tumors, supportive care

Affected species: Primates and rodents, Symptoms: Rash, fever, and lymphadenopathy, Treatment options: Supportive care, antivirals, and vaccines for prevention

Affected species: Reptiles, Symptoms: Lethargy, anorexia, and jaundice, Treatment options: Aggressive nutritional support and correction of underlying causes

Affected species: Bats, Symptoms: White fungal growth on the muzzle and wings, hibernation disturbances, and emaciation, Treatment options: No current treatment, management focuses on containment and reducing spread

Affected species: Amphibians, Symptoms: Hemorrhaging, lethargy, and neurological symptoms, Treatment options: No specific treatment; supportive care and environmental management

Affected species: Bats, particularly fruit bats, Symptoms: Generally asymptomatic in bats, Treatment options: No treatment for bats; focus on preventing transmission to other species

Affected species: Snakes, Symptoms: Scabs, skin thickening, and abnormal molting, Treatment options: Antifungal treatments and environmental management

Affected species: Fish, Symptoms: Weight loss, lesions on body, and lethargy, Treatment options: Antibiotics and improved tank sanitation

Affected species: Psittacines (parrots), Symptoms: Sudden death, diarrhea, and liver disease, Treatment options: Antiviral drugs and supportive care

Affected species: Deer, elk, and moose, Symptoms: Weight loss, stumbling, and behavioral changes, Treatment options: No treatment available, focus is on surveillance and controlling spread

Affected species: Wild boar and domestic pig, Symptoms: High fever, hemorrhages, and high mortality rates, Treatment options: No treatment or vaccine available; control measures include biosecurity and culling of infected animals

Affected species: Amphibians, Symptoms: Skin lesions, lethargy, and abnormal posture, Treatment options: Antifungal medications, environmental management, and biosecurity measures

Affected species: Ferrets, Symptoms: Sneezing, discharge from eyes and nose, and neurological signs, Treatment options: Supportive care and preventative vaccination

Affected species: Birds, especially mynahs and toucans, Symptoms: Heart disease, liver dysfunction, and lethargy, Treatment options: Chelation therapy, dietary management, and phlebotomy

Affected species: Reptiles, Symptoms: Twisting of the neck and body, immobility, and seizures, Treatment options: Antiparasitics, vitamin supplementation, and supportive care