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Poultry Diseases and Management

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Infectious Bronchitis

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Symptoms: Respiratory disease, reduced egg quality, kidney damage. Preventive measures: Vaccination, good ventilation, and biosecurity. Treatment: No specific treatment, vaccination to prevent outbreaks.

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Necrotic Enteritis

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Symptoms: Dark, foul-smelling diarrhea, necrosis of intestinal tissues. Preventive measures: Strict feed hygiene, probiotics, and good litter management. Treatment: Antibiotics and supportive care.

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Infectious Coryza

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Symptoms: Nasal discharge, facial swelling, and reduced egg production. Preventive measures: Biosecurity and vaccination. Treatment: Antibiotics and management of secondary infections.

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Blackhead Disease

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Symptoms: Yellow droppings, listlessness, and blackhead appearance. Preventive measures: Good worm control and proper sanitation. Treatment: Anti-protozoal medications and management of cecal worms.

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Egg Drop Syndrome

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Symptoms: Sudden drop in egg production, thin-shelled eggs, and shell-less eggs. Preventive measures: Vaccination and stress reduction. Treatment: There is no specific treatment; focus is on prevention.

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Spiking Mortality of Pullets

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Symptoms: Sudden death of growing pullets, weight loss, and decreased feed intake. Preventive measures: Proper nutrition, management of stress. Treatment: Investigate and address underlying causes, supportive care.

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Mycoplasmosis

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Symptoms: Coughing, sneezing, and chronic respiratory disease. Preventive measures: Biosecurity and breeder flock testing. Treatment: Antibiotics and management practices improvement.

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Pendulous Crop

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Symptoms: Distended crop, regurgitation, and slow crop emptying. Preventive measures: Adequate fiber in feed and regulating feeding times. Treatment: Crop emptying, fluid therapy, and possible surgical intervention.

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Bumblefoot

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Symptoms: Swelling and lameness in foot, abscess formation. Preventive measures: Good litter management and regular inspection of feet. Treatment: Surgery, antibiotics, and proper wound care.

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Omphalitis

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Symptoms: Inflammation of the navel, sepsis, and poor growth. Preventive measures: Good hatchery hygiene and proper umbilical cord care. Treatment: Antibiotics and improved management practices.

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Infectious Anemia

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Symptoms: Pale birds, general weakness, and reduced growth rate. Preventive measures: Good flock management and control of disease vectors. Treatment: No specific treatment; control through management and biosecurity.

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Fowl Typhoid

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Symptoms: Septicaemia, high mortality, and reduced appetite. Preventive measures: Vaccination and elimination of carrier birds. Treatment: Antibiotics and strict sanitation to prevent spread.

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Fowl Pox

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Symptoms: Lesions on comb and wattles, diptheritic membranes in mouth and throat. Preventive measures: Vaccination and mosquito control. Treatment: No specific treatment, supportive care and prevention through vaccination.

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Aspergillosis

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Symptoms: Respiratory distress, decreased feed conversion, and weight loss. Preventive measures: Reducing dust and mold in bedding, proper ventilation. Treatment: Antifungal medications and supportive care.

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Gout

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Symptoms: Articulation swelling, depression, and visceral urate deposits. Preventive measures: Diet with correct calcium and phosphorus balance. Treatment: Hydration, dietary adjustments, and medications like allopurinol.

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Psittacosis

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Symptoms: Respiratory distress, ocular discharge, and lethargy. Preventive measures: Quarantining new birds, good hygiene. Treatment: Antibiotics like doxycycline, supportive therapy.

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Botulism

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Symptoms: Flaccid paralysis, droopy neck, and death. Preventive measures: Avoiding spoiled feed and carcass contamination. Treatment: Early administration of antitoxin, supportive care.

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Leg Weakness

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Symptoms: Difficulty standing, lameness, and reluctance to move. Preventive measures: Adequate nutrition, proper housing, genetic selection. Treatment: Nutritional support, physiotherapy, and occasionally surgery.

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Erysipelas

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Symptoms: Sudden death, skin lesions, and lameness. Preventive measures: Sanitation, rodent control, and vaccination. Treatment: Antibiotics like penicillin and supportive care.

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Infectious Bursal Disease

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Symptoms: Immune suppression, diarrhea, and muscle inflammation. Preventive measures: Vaccination and excellent sanitation. Treatment: No specific treatment; management is through biosecurity and vaccination.

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Infectious Synovitis

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Symptoms: Joint swelling, lameness, and decreased growth rate. Preventive measures: Biosecurity, good husbandry, and controlled breeding. Treatment: Antibiotics like tetracyclines, and improved rearing conditions.

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Salmonellosis

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Symptoms: Diarrhea, dehydration, and weakness. Preventive measures: Sanitation, rodent control, and proper cooking of eggs. Treatment: Antibiotics and hydration support.

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Coccidiosis

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Symptoms: Bloody diarrhea, lethargy, and decreased feed intake. Preventive measures: Good litter management and coccidiostats in feed. Treatment: Anticoccidial medications and good nutrition.

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Newcastle Disease

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Symptoms: Respiratory distress, nervous signs, and diarrhea. Preventive measures: Vaccination and maintaining strict biosecurity. Treatment: No specific treatment, supportive care, and vaccination of flock.

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Marek’s Disease

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Symptoms: Paralysis, tumors, and weight loss. Preventive measures: Vaccination of chicks and biosecurity. Treatment: No cure, management is through preventive vaccination.

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Air Sac Disease

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Symptoms: Respiratory noise, coughing, and reduced weight gain. Preventive measures: Control of respiratory pathogens, good air quality. Treatment: Antibiotics and improvements in environment.

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Avian Influenza

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Symptoms: Coughing, sneezing, respiratory distress, and sudden death. Preventive measures: Biosecurity, vaccination, and controlling bird movement. Treatment: Culling infected animals, zoning, and quarantining affected areas.

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Fatty Liver Syndrome

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Symptoms: Sudden death, drop in egg production, and pale comb/wattles. Preventive measures: Diet with balanced nutrients, preventing obesity. Treatment: Adjusting diet, increased exercise, and supportive care.

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Laryngotracheitis

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Symptoms: Gasping, bloody mucus, and severe respiratory distress. Preventive measures: Vaccination and isolating new birds. Treatment: No cure once birds are symptomatic; culling may be necessary.

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