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Veterinary Hematology Essentials
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Eosinophils
Function: Combat parasites and allergens. Diseases: Eosinophilia, Hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Erythrocytes
Function: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Diseases: Anemia, Polycythemia.
Leukocytes
Function: Immune response and defense against infection. Diseases: Leukemia, Leukopenia.
Platelets
Function: Blood clotting and repair of blood vessels. Diseases: Thrombocytopenia, Thrombosis.
Anemia
Function: Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Diseases: Hemolytic anemia, Iron-deficiency anemia.
Monocytes
Function: Phagocytosis and tissue repair. Diseases: Monocytosis, Monocytic leukemia.
Basophils
Function: Release histamine in allergic responses. Diseases: Basophilia, Mast cell tumors.
Neutrophils
Function: Phagocytose and destroy bacteria. Diseases: Neutropenia, Neutrophilia.
Lymphocytes
Function: Specific immune responses, antibody production. Diseases: Lymphocytosis, Lymphoma.
Lymphocytosis
Function: Increased number of lymphocytes. Diseases: Chronic infections, Certain leukemias.
Polycythemia
Function: Increased number of erythrocytes. Diseases: Primary polycythemia, Secondary polycythemia.
Lymphoma
Function: Malignant cancer of lymphocytes. Diseases: Multicentric lymphoma, Alimentary lymphoma.
Hemolytic anemia
Function: Anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells. Diseases: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, Congenital hemolytic anemia.
Primary polycythemia (Polycythemia vera)
Function: Abnormally increased red cell mass without an apparent cause. Diseases: Primary or neoplastic polycythemia.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome
Function: Persistent eosinophilia with organ damage. Diseases: Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, Parasitic diseases.
Neutrophilia
Function: Increased number of neutrophils. Diseases: Stress response, Inflammation.
Thrombocytopenia
Function: Low platelet count. Diseases: Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, Drug-induced thrombocytopenia.
Feline leukemia virus infection
Function: Viral infection causing leukopenia and other hematological abnormalities. Diseases: Feline leukemia (FeLV).
Leukemia
Function: Malignant proliferation of leukocytes. Diseases: Lymphoid leukemia, Myeloid leukemia.
Neutropenia
Function: Reduced number of neutrophils. Diseases: Overwhelming bacterial infection, Bone marrow disorders.
Monocytosis
Function: Increased number of monocytes. Diseases: Chronic infections, Granulomatous diseases.
Secondary polycythemia
Function: Increased red blood cell production due to hypoxia or erythropoietin-secreting tumors. Diseases: Heart disease, Chronic respiratory disease.
Thrombosis
Function: Formation of blood clots within blood vessels. Diseases: Deep vein thrombosis, Arterial thromboembolism.
Basophilia
Function: Increased number of basophils. Diseases: Chronic inflammatory diseases, Myeloproliferative disorders.
Leukopenia
Function: Low white blood cell count. Diseases: Canine parvovirus infection, Feline leukemia virus infection.
Eosinophilia
Function: Increased number of eosinophils. Diseases: Allergic reactions, Parasitic infections.
Monocytic leukemia
Function: Malignant proliferation of monocytes. Diseases: Acute monocytic leukemia, Chronic monocytic leukemia.
Iron-deficiency anemia
Function: Anemia due to insufficient iron for hemoglobin synthesis. Diseases: Chronic blood loss, Nutritional deficiency.
Canine parvovirus infection
Function: Viral infection causing leukopenia. Diseases: Canine parvovirus enteritis.
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