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Zoonotic Diseases Overview

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Lyme Disease

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Transmission: Bacterium from tick bites, symptoms in humans: Erythema migrans rash, fever, headache, fatigue, animal reservoirs: Deer, mice

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Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)

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Transmission: Inhalation of bacteria from bird droppings, symptoms in humans: Fever, headache, pneumonia, animal reservoirs: Parrots, pigeons, poultry

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Q Fever

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Transmission: Inhalation of barnyard dust contaminated by infected animals, consumption of raw milk, symptoms in humans: High fever, severe headache, general malaise, animal reservoirs: Cattle, sheep, goats

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Anthrax

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Transmission: Spores from infected animals or contaminated animal products, symptoms in humans: Skin sores, lung infection, abdominal pain, animal reservoirs: Cattle, sheep, goats

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West Nile Virus

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Transmission: Mosquito bites, symptoms in humans: Fever, headache, body aches, skin rash, swollen lymph glands, animal reservoirs: Birds

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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

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Transmission: Inhaling virus from rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, symptoms in humans: Fever, muscle aches, shortness of breath, animal reservoirs: Deer mice, cotton rats

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Avian Influenza

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Transmission: Contact with infected poultry, contaminated surfaces, symptoms in humans: Cough, fever, sore throat, muscle aches, animal reservoirs: Poultry, wild birds

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Leptospirosis

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Transmission: Contact with urine of infected animals or contaminated water/soil, symptoms in humans: High fever, headache, bleeding, muscle pain, chills, animal reservoirs: Rats, dogs, livestock

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Plague

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Transmission: Flea bites, contact with contaminated fluids or tissues, rarely, aerosolized droplets, symptoms in humans: Buboes, fever, headache, animal reservoirs: Rodents, particularly prairie dogs and squirrels

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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

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Transmission: Close contact with infected dromedary camels or humans, symptoms in humans: Fever, cough, shortness of breath, animal reservoirs: Dromedary camels

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Zika Virus

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Transmission: Mosquito bites, sexual contact, maternal to fetus, symptoms in humans: Mild fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, animal reservoirs: Primates

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Lassa Fever

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Transmission: Contact with urine or droppings of infected Mastomys rats, symptoms in humans: Fever, general weakness, hemorrhagic symptoms, animal reservoirs: Mastomys rats

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Toxoplasmosis

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Transmission: Ingesting oocysts from cat feces or contaminated food/water, symptoms in humans: Flu-like symptoms in immunocompetent; severe illness in immunocompromised, animal reservoirs: Cats

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Rift Valley Fever

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Transmission: Contact with blood or organs of infected animals, mosquito bites, symptoms in humans: Fever, muscle pain, liver abnormalities, hemorrhagic fever, rarely, blindness, animal reservoirs: Cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, camels

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Giardiasis

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Transmission: Ingesting cysts from contaminated food or water, symptoms in humans: Diarrhea, gas, stomach or abdominal cramps, animal reservoirs: Wild and domestic animals, including beavers and dogs

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Ebola Virus Disease

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Transmission: Direct contact with blood, secretions, organs of infected animals or humans, symptoms in humans: Fever, hemorrhage, organ failure, animal reservoirs: Bats, primates

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Tularemia

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Transmission: Tick and deer fly bites, handling infected animals, ingestion or inhalation of contaminated particles, symptoms in humans: Fever, skin ulcers, swollen glands, animal reservoirs: Rodents, rabbits, hares

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Campylobacteriosis

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Transmission: Consuming undercooked poultry or other meat, contaminated water, raw milk, symptoms in humans: Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, animal reservoirs: Poultry, cattle

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Salmonellosis

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Transmission: Consumption of contaminated food or water, contact with infected animals or their environment, symptoms in humans: Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, animal reservoirs: Poultry, reptiles, swine

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Echinococcosis

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Transmission: Ingesting eggs from fecal contamination, symptoms in humans: Cystic lesions in liver or lungs, abdominal pain, nausea, animal reservoirs: Dogs, foxes, wolves

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Brucellosis

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Transmission: Unpasteurized dairy products, contact with secretions or tissues from infected animals, symptoms in humans: Intermittent fever, joint pain, fatigue, animal reservoirs: Cattle, pigs, goats, sheep

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Rabies

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Transmission: Virus in saliva from bites or scratches, symptoms in humans: Fever, headache, excess salivation, muscle spasms, paralysis, animal reservoirs: Dogs, bats, raccoons, foxes

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Nipah Virus Infection

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Transmission: Direct contact with infected bats or pigs, or contaminated foods (like date palm sap), symptoms in humans: Fever, headache, cough, respiratory illness, encephalitis, animal reservoirs: Fruit bats

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Schistosomiasis

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Transmission: Skin contact with water contaminated with infected snails, symptoms in humans: Rash, fever, chills, chronic organ damage, animal reservoirs: Freshwater snails

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Cryptosporidiosis

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Transmission: Ingesting oocysts from fecally contaminated water or food, symptoms in humans: Watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea animal reservoirs: Cattle, sheep

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