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Nutritional Requirements for Dairy Cattle

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Calves (0-3 months)

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Highly digestible milk or milk replacer and starter feed for rumen development.

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Heifers (6-12 months)

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Continued growth requires balanced nutrition, supplementing forage with grains.

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Transition Cows

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Focus on dry matter intake, balanced energy, and preventing milk fever pre-calving.

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Dairy Cattle in Grazing Systems

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Nutrition tailored to maximize use of pasture while supplementing to meet production needs.

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Milking Shorthorn Cattle

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Balance rations to support milk production and maintain efficiency.

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Cows Under Heat Stress

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Increased water intake and electrolyte balance; diet adjustments to maintain production.

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Breeding Age Heifers

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Appropriate nutrient levels to achieve proper body weight and condition for conception.

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Organic Dairy Cattle

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Diet based on organic feeds meeting certification requirements; focus on natural health.

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Jersey Cattle

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Consider higher fat content in milk when balancing rations; smaller breed with less feed intake.

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Holstein Cattle

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Highest milk volume producers; require large quantities of high-quality, balanced rations.

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Peak Lactation

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Maximize dry matter intake to support highest milk production; balanced energy and protein.

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Lactating Cows

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Increased energy, protein, calcium, and water are crucial for milk production.

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Heifers (3-6 months)

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Balanced diet to support growth without becoming overweight.

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Late Lactation

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Decreased nutrient requirements as milk production declines; prepare for the dry period.

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Crossbreed Dairy Cattle

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Tailor diet to leverage the benefits of crossbreeding while meeting nutritional demands.

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Bulls

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Sufficient energy, protein and vitamins for growth, maintenance, and reproductive health.

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Senior Cows

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Monitor body condition and adjust diet to avoid weight loss and maintain milk production.

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Sick or Recovering Cows

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Nutrient-dense feeds with easy digestibility; hydration is key.

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Weaned Calves

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Solid feeds with appropriate levels of protein, energy, and fiber to continue growth.

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Ayrshire Cattle

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Provide appropriate energy and protein for this moderately high producer to maintain milk components.

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Pregnant Cows

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Increased nutrients in the third trimester as fetal growth accelerates; maintain cow condition.

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Early Lactation

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High energy and protein needs; prevent weight loss and support maximum milk yield.

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High-producing Cows

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Increased needs for energy, protein, and specific nutrients to support exceptional milk yields.

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Show Cattle

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High-quality, palatable diet for optimal condition and appearance.

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Dairy Cattle with High Genetic Merit

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Highly tailored diets for maximum performance in milk production and reproductive efficiency.

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Fresh Cows

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Post-calving nutritional support for recovery and milk production; avoid metabolic disorders.

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Low-producing Cows

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Balanced nutrition to maintain health and condition while recognizing lower production.

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Cows in Cold Stress

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Higher energy requirements to maintain body temperature and health.

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Dry Cows

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Focus on a balanced diet to maintain health and prepare for the next lactation period.

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Heifers (12-24 months)

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Prepare for first calving with suitable energy and protein levels; balanced minerals.

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