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Nutritional Requirements for Dairy Cattle
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Lactating Cows
Increased energy, protein, calcium, and water are crucial for milk production.
Dry Cows
Focus on a balanced diet to maintain health and prepare for the next lactation period.
Calves (0-3 months)
Highly digestible milk or milk replacer and starter feed for rumen development.
Heifers (3-6 months)
Balanced diet to support growth without becoming overweight.
Heifers (6-12 months)
Continued growth requires balanced nutrition, supplementing forage with grains.
Heifers (12-24 months)
Prepare for first calving with suitable energy and protein levels; balanced minerals.
Fresh Cows
Post-calving nutritional support for recovery and milk production; avoid metabolic disorders.
Bulls
Sufficient energy, protein and vitamins for growth, maintenance, and reproductive health.
Transition Cows
Focus on dry matter intake, balanced energy, and preventing milk fever pre-calving.
Senior Cows
Monitor body condition and adjust diet to avoid weight loss and maintain milk production.
Cows Under Heat Stress
Increased water intake and electrolyte balance; diet adjustments to maintain production.
Cows in Cold Stress
Higher energy requirements to maintain body temperature and health.
Sick or Recovering Cows
Nutrient-dense feeds with easy digestibility; hydration is key.
Early Lactation
High energy and protein needs; prevent weight loss and support maximum milk yield.
Peak Lactation
Maximize dry matter intake to support highest milk production; balanced energy and protein.
Late Lactation
Decreased nutrient requirements as milk production declines; prepare for the dry period.
Weaned Calves
Solid feeds with appropriate levels of protein, energy, and fiber to continue growth.
Breeding Age Heifers
Appropriate nutrient levels to achieve proper body weight and condition for conception.
Pregnant Cows
Increased nutrients in the third trimester as fetal growth accelerates; maintain cow condition.
Show Cattle
High-quality, palatable diet for optimal condition and appearance.
Dairy Cattle with High Genetic Merit
Highly tailored diets for maximum performance in milk production and reproductive efficiency.
Organic Dairy Cattle
Diet based on organic feeds meeting certification requirements; focus on natural health.
High-producing Cows
Increased needs for energy, protein, and specific nutrients to support exceptional milk yields.
Low-producing Cows
Balanced nutrition to maintain health and condition while recognizing lower production.
Dairy Cattle in Grazing Systems
Nutrition tailored to maximize use of pasture while supplementing to meet production needs.
Jersey Cattle
Consider higher fat content in milk when balancing rations; smaller breed with less feed intake.
Holstein Cattle
Highest milk volume producers; require large quantities of high-quality, balanced rations.
Crossbreed Dairy Cattle
Tailor diet to leverage the benefits of crossbreeding while meeting nutritional demands.
Milking Shorthorn Cattle
Balance rations to support milk production and maintain efficiency.
Ayrshire Cattle
Provide appropriate energy and protein for this moderately high producer to maintain milk components.
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