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Veterinary Pharmacology Basics

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Doxycycline

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Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 5-10 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, teeth discoloration in young animals, photosensitivity

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Methimazole

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Use: Hyperthyroidism, Dosage: 2.5 mg/cat every 12 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, anorexia, hepatopathy

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Azathioprine

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Use: Immunosuppressive, Dosage: 2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, tapered as needed, Side effects: Bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal upset, hepatotoxicity

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Gabapentin

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Use: Neuropathic pain, Dosage: 10-20 mg/kg every 8 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, ataxia, mild gastrointestinal signs

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Meloxicam

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Use: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg first day then 0.05-0.1 mg/kg once daily, Side effects: GI ulcers, kidney damage, dark stool

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Cephalexin

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Use: Bacterial skin infections, Dosage: 10-15 mg/kg every 8-12 hrs, Side effects: Gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, rare hematological changes

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Furosemide

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Use: Diuretic for edema, Dosage: 1-5 mg/kg every 12-24 hrs, Side effects: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, ototoxicity

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Carprofen

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Use: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, Dosage: 2-4 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: GI ulcers, liver and kidney damage, loss of appetite

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Metronidazole

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Use: Protozoal infections, Dosage: 7.5-15 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Neurological effects, GI upset, metallic taste

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Marbofloxacin

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Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 2-5 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, arthropathy in young animals, CNS signs

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Enrofloxacin

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Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 5-20 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, cartilage damage in young animals, CNS disturbances

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Pimobendan

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Use: Congestive heart failure, Dosage: 0.25-0.3 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, potential for arrhythmia, tachycardia

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Amoxicillin

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Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 5-10 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions

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Ivermectin

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Use: Parasitic infections, Dosage: 0.006-0.012 mg/kg monthly, Side effects: Neurotoxicity, vomiting, ataxia

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Fluoxetine

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Use: Behavioral disorders, Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, reduced appetite, gastrointestinal signs

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Amitriptyline

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Use: Behavioral issues, feline idiopathic cystitis, Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, dry mouth, urinary retention

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Insulin

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Use: Diabetes mellitus, Dosage: Individualized based on glucose monitoring, Side effects: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, localized reactions at injection site

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Spinosad

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Use: Flea infestations, Dosage: Administered monthly at 30-60 mg/kg, Side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea, itching

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Theophylline

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Use: Bronchodilator for respiratory diseases, Dosage: 5-10 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, CNS stimulation, cardiac arrhythmia

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Ciprofloxacin

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Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 10-20 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, cartilage damage in young animals, CNS disturbances

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Digoxin

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Use: Heart failure, atrial fibrillation, Dosage: 0.005-0.01 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Arrhythmias, gastrointestinal upset, weakness

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Phenobarbital

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Use: Anticonvulsant, Dosage: 2-3 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, ataxia, liver damage

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Mirtazapine

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Use: Appetite stimulant, antiemetic, Dosage: 1.88 mg/cat every 24 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, hyperactivity, vocalization

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Praziquantel

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Use: Antihelmintic, Dosage: 5-10 mg/kg once in combination with other drugs, Side effects: Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea

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Levothyroxine

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Use: Hypothyroidism, Dosage: 20 mcg/kg every 12-24 hrs, Side effects: Tachycardia, polyphagia, hyperactivity

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Tramadol

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Use: Pain management, Dosage: 4-10 mg/kg every 8-12 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, constipation, dizziness

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Dexamethasone

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Use: Anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: PU/PD, immunosuppression, GI ulcers

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Amlodipine

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Use: Hypertension, Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Hypotension, peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia

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Prednisolone

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Use: Anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressant, Dosage: 0.5-2.0 mg/kg daily, Side effects: Increased thirst and urination, immunosuppression, GI disturbance

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Lactulose

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Use: Constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, Dosage: 1 ml/kg every 8 hrs, Side effects: Diarrhea, flatulence, cramping

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Trazodone

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Use: Anxiety, behavioral disorders, Dosage: 5-7 mg/kg every 8 hrs as needed, Side effects: Sedation, hypotension, gastrointestinal upset

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Omeprazole

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Use: Gastric ulcers, Dosage: 0.7-1 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Gastrointestinal upset, potential for drug interactions, rare CNS effects

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Selegiline

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Use: Canine cognitive dysfunction, Dosage: 0.5-1 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia

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Lisinopril

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Use: Heart failure, hypertension, Dosage: 0.25-0.5 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Hypotension, kidney dysfunction, hyperkalemia

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Clindamycin

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Use: Bacterial and protozoal infections, Dosage: 5.5-11 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea, esophageal ulcers

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Atenolol

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Use: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, Dosage: 0.25-1 mg/kg every 12-24 hrs, Side effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, lethargy

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Cisapride

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Use: Gastrointestinal motility disorders, Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 8-12 hrs, Side effects: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, rare arrhythmias

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Cetirizine

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Use: Allergies, Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, vomiting, dry mouth

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