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Veterinary Pharmacology Basics
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Doxycycline
Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 5-10 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, teeth discoloration in young animals, photosensitivity
Methimazole
Use: Hyperthyroidism, Dosage: 2.5 mg/cat every 12 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, anorexia, hepatopathy
Azathioprine
Use: Immunosuppressive, Dosage: 2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, tapered as needed, Side effects: Bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal upset, hepatotoxicity
Gabapentin
Use: Neuropathic pain, Dosage: 10-20 mg/kg every 8 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, ataxia, mild gastrointestinal signs
Meloxicam
Use: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg first day then 0.05-0.1 mg/kg once daily, Side effects: GI ulcers, kidney damage, dark stool
Cephalexin
Use: Bacterial skin infections, Dosage: 10-15 mg/kg every 8-12 hrs, Side effects: Gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, rare hematological changes
Furosemide
Use: Diuretic for edema, Dosage: 1-5 mg/kg every 12-24 hrs, Side effects: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, ototoxicity
Carprofen
Use: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, Dosage: 2-4 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: GI ulcers, liver and kidney damage, loss of appetite
Metronidazole
Use: Protozoal infections, Dosage: 7.5-15 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Neurological effects, GI upset, metallic taste
Marbofloxacin
Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 2-5 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, arthropathy in young animals, CNS signs
Enrofloxacin
Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 5-20 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, cartilage damage in young animals, CNS disturbances
Pimobendan
Use: Congestive heart failure, Dosage: 0.25-0.3 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, potential for arrhythmia, tachycardia
Amoxicillin
Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 5-10 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions
Ivermectin
Use: Parasitic infections, Dosage: 0.006-0.012 mg/kg monthly, Side effects: Neurotoxicity, vomiting, ataxia
Fluoxetine
Use: Behavioral disorders, Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, reduced appetite, gastrointestinal signs
Amitriptyline
Use: Behavioral issues, feline idiopathic cystitis, Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, dry mouth, urinary retention
Insulin
Use: Diabetes mellitus, Dosage: Individualized based on glucose monitoring, Side effects: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, localized reactions at injection site
Spinosad
Use: Flea infestations, Dosage: Administered monthly at 30-60 mg/kg, Side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea, itching
Theophylline
Use: Bronchodilator for respiratory diseases, Dosage: 5-10 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, CNS stimulation, cardiac arrhythmia
Ciprofloxacin
Use: Bacterial infections, Dosage: 10-20 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: GI upset, cartilage damage in young animals, CNS disturbances
Digoxin
Use: Heart failure, atrial fibrillation, Dosage: 0.005-0.01 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Arrhythmias, gastrointestinal upset, weakness
Phenobarbital
Use: Anticonvulsant, Dosage: 2-3 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, ataxia, liver damage
Mirtazapine
Use: Appetite stimulant, antiemetic, Dosage: 1.88 mg/cat every 24 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, hyperactivity, vocalization
Praziquantel
Use: Antihelmintic, Dosage: 5-10 mg/kg once in combination with other drugs, Side effects: Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea
Levothyroxine
Use: Hypothyroidism, Dosage: 20 mcg/kg every 12-24 hrs, Side effects: Tachycardia, polyphagia, hyperactivity
Tramadol
Use: Pain management, Dosage: 4-10 mg/kg every 8-12 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, constipation, dizziness
Dexamethasone
Use: Anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: PU/PD, immunosuppression, GI ulcers
Amlodipine
Use: Hypertension, Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Hypotension, peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia
Prednisolone
Use: Anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressant, Dosage: 0.5-2.0 mg/kg daily, Side effects: Increased thirst and urination, immunosuppression, GI disturbance
Lactulose
Use: Constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, Dosage: 1 ml/kg every 8 hrs, Side effects: Diarrhea, flatulence, cramping
Trazodone
Use: Anxiety, behavioral disorders, Dosage: 5-7 mg/kg every 8 hrs as needed, Side effects: Sedation, hypotension, gastrointestinal upset
Omeprazole
Use: Gastric ulcers, Dosage: 0.7-1 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Gastrointestinal upset, potential for drug interactions, rare CNS effects
Selegiline
Use: Canine cognitive dysfunction, Dosage: 0.5-1 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
Lisinopril
Use: Heart failure, hypertension, Dosage: 0.25-0.5 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Hypotension, kidney dysfunction, hyperkalemia
Clindamycin
Use: Bacterial and protozoal infections, Dosage: 5.5-11 mg/kg every 12 hrs, Side effects: Vomiting, diarrhea, esophageal ulcers
Atenolol
Use: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, Dosage: 0.25-1 mg/kg every 12-24 hrs, Side effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, lethargy
Cisapride
Use: Gastrointestinal motility disorders, Dosage: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 8-12 hrs, Side effects: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, rare arrhythmias
Cetirizine
Use: Allergies, Dosage: 1-2 mg/kg every 24 hrs, Side effects: Sedation, vomiting, dry mouth
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