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Dental Anatomy 101
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Gingiva
The soft tissue that surrounds and protects the teeth and underlying bone.
Periodontal Ligament
A fibrous connective tissue that anchors the tooth to the bony socket.
Central Incisor
The tooth located at the very front and center of the mouth.
Mandibular Arch
The lower part of the jaw containing teeth.
Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)
The area where the enamel covering the crown of the tooth meets the cementum covering the root.
Maxillary Arch
The upper part of the jaw containing teeth.
Triangular Ridge
A linear elevation on the masticatory surface of a tooth descending from the cusp and converging to form transverse ridges.
Apex
The terminal end of the root of a tooth.
Molar
A tooth with a large flat surface primarily used for grinding food.
Pulp
The soft inner structure containing nerves and blood vessels.
Apical Foramen
The natural opening at the apex of a tooth's root.
Alveolar Bone
The part of the jawbone that contains the tooth sockets.
Mesial Surface
The side of the tooth that is closest to the midline of the face.
Interproximal Space
The area between adjacent teeth.
Facial Surface
The surface of a tooth that faces toward the cheeks or lips.
Enamel
The hard, outer surface layer of the tooth that protects against decay.
Dentin
The layer beneath the enamel that provides support and transmits sensory signals.
Root
The part of the tooth that extends into the bone and provides support.
Lateral Incisor
The tooth located adjacent to the central incisor, slightly smaller.
Occlusion
The contact relationships between the upper and lower teeth when they approach each other.
Fissure
A deep groove in the biting surface of a tooth.
Tubercle
A small round nodule or elevation found on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.
Distal Surface
The side of the tooth that is furthest from the midline of the face.
Crown
The visible part of the tooth above the gum line.
Canine
A pointed tooth used for tearing and grasping food.
Incisor
A front tooth primarily used for cutting and shearing food.
Cementum
A bony tissue covering the root of the tooth that helps anchor it in place.
Premolar
A transitional tooth with one or two cusps used for tearing and crushing food.
Cusp
A raised point on the chewing surface of the teeth.
Oblique Ridge
An elevated area that runs obliquely across the occlusal surface of some maxillary molars.
Lingual Surface
The surface of a tooth that faces toward the tongue.
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