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Dental Anatomy 101

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Gingiva

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The soft tissue that surrounds and protects the teeth and underlying bone.

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Periodontal Ligament

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A fibrous connective tissue that anchors the tooth to the bony socket.

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Central Incisor

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The tooth located at the very front and center of the mouth.

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Mandibular Arch

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The lower part of the jaw containing teeth.

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Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)

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The area where the enamel covering the crown of the tooth meets the cementum covering the root.

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Maxillary Arch

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The upper part of the jaw containing teeth.

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Triangular Ridge

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A linear elevation on the masticatory surface of a tooth descending from the cusp and converging to form transverse ridges.

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Apex

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The terminal end of the root of a tooth.

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Molar

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A tooth with a large flat surface primarily used for grinding food.

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Pulp

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The soft inner structure containing nerves and blood vessels.

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Apical Foramen

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The natural opening at the apex of a tooth's root.

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Alveolar Bone

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The part of the jawbone that contains the tooth sockets.

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Mesial Surface

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The side of the tooth that is closest to the midline of the face.

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Interproximal Space

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The area between adjacent teeth.

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Facial Surface

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The surface of a tooth that faces toward the cheeks or lips.

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Enamel

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The hard, outer surface layer of the tooth that protects against decay.

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Dentin

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The layer beneath the enamel that provides support and transmits sensory signals.

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Root

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The part of the tooth that extends into the bone and provides support.

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Lateral Incisor

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The tooth located adjacent to the central incisor, slightly smaller.

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Occlusion

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The contact relationships between the upper and lower teeth when they approach each other.

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Fissure

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A deep groove in the biting surface of a tooth.

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Tubercle

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A small round nodule or elevation found on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.

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Distal Surface

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The side of the tooth that is furthest from the midline of the face.

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Crown

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The visible part of the tooth above the gum line.

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Canine

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A pointed tooth used for tearing and grasping food.

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Incisor

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A front tooth primarily used for cutting and shearing food.

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Cementum

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A bony tissue covering the root of the tooth that helps anchor it in place.

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Premolar

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A transitional tooth with one or two cusps used for tearing and crushing food.

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Cusp

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A raised point on the chewing surface of the teeth.

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Oblique Ridge

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An elevated area that runs obliquely across the occlusal surface of some maxillary molars.

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Lingual Surface

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The surface of a tooth that faces toward the tongue.

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