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Periodontal Disease and Management
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Gingivitis
Characterized by gum inflammation without loss of bone or connective tissue, reversible with good oral hygiene, may be caused by plaque buildup.
Chronic Periodontitis
Slow progressing disease resulting in attachment loss, bone loss, and pocket formation around teeth, managed with scaling and root planing, and improved oral hygiene.
Aggressive Periodontitis
Rapid attachment loss and bone destruction, often in patients under 30 and otherwise healthy, management includes antibiotics and periodontal therapy.
Necrotizing Periodontal Disease
Involves necrosis of gingival tissues, PDL, and alveolar bone, associated with pain, bleeding, and malodor, requires immediate debridement and antibiotics.
Periodontal Abscess
Localized purulent infection within the periodontal pockets, can cause rapid destruction, managed with drainage, debridement, and sometimes antibiotics.
Peri-implantitis
Inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants, leading to bone loss, treated with mechanical debridement, possibly antimicrobials.
Gingival Recession
Exposure of the root surfaces due to apical migration of the gingiva, may be due to mechanical trauma or periodontal disease, managed by correcting etiological factors and possibly grafting.
Gingival Hyperplasia
Overgrowth of gingival tissues, can be induced by medications, inflammation, or leukemia, managed by plaque control, medication review, and possibly surgery.
Mucogingival Deformities
Anomalies of the gingiva and alveolar mucosa affecting attachment, may include recession, lack of keratinized gingiva, managed by surgical correction.
Desquamative Gingivitis
Erythematous and desquamative gingival conditions, often associated with autoimmune diseases, managed with identification of the underlying condition and supportive care.
Periodontal Trauma
Injury to the periodontium due to occlusal forces or external trauma, can lead to tooth mobility or loss, managed by addressing the trauma source and stabilization.
Drug-Influenced Gingival Enlargement
Gingival overgrowth caused by certain medications, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers, treatment includes drug modification and gingivectomy.
Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions
Lesions due to the interplay between periodontal and endodontic pathosis, diagnosis involves radiographs and vitality tests, treatment can be endodontic therapy, periodontal therapy, or both.
Periodontal Health
Absence of inflammation, no bleeding on probing, and stable attachment levels, achieved and maintained through proper oral hygiene and professional cleanings.
Localized Periodontitis
Periodontal disease affecting less than 30% of sites within the mouth, specific treatment tailored to affected sites, often scaling and root planing.
Generalized Periodontitis
Involves more than 30% of sites within the mouth, requires comprehensive periodontal therapy, maintenance includes regular periodontal cleanings.
Periodontal Maintenance
Follow-up treatments to sustain the health of periodontal tissues, typically involves regular cleanings, monitoring, and reinforcement of oral hygiene practices.
Refractory Periodontitis
A form of periodontitis that is resistant to conventional treatment and therapy, characterized by persistent inflammation and periodontal destruction, may require aggressive management strategies and repeated interventions.
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