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Nutrition and Oral Health
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Vitamin A
Vitamin A is essential for maintenance of mucosa and keratinized gingival tissues. Deficiency can lead to altered taste sensation and delayed wound healing.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is needed for collagen synthesis; deficiency can cause scurvy, leading to gingival bleeding and tooth loss.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and bone metabolism; deficiency can lead to an increased risk for periodontal disease, and may contribute to enamel hypoplasia.
Calcium
Calcium is vital for the development and maintenance of teeth and supporting jawbone; inadequate intake can increase the risk of periodontal disease and dental caries.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus works with calcium to build strong teeth and bones; insufficient amounts can lead to weak enamel and increased susceptibility to cavities.
Fluoride
Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel and reduces the risk of decay; excessive intake can cause dental fluorosis, particularly during tooth development.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3s have anti-inflammatory effects that may benefit those with periodontal diseases; can improve gingival and periodontal health when balanced with omega-6 fatty acids.
Protein
Adequate protein intake is necessary for the immune system and tissue repair; deficiency can impair healing and the ability to combat oral infections.
Fiber
High-fiber foods promote salivation and help keep teeth clean by scrubbing the surfaces; may reduce the risk of gingivitis, caries, and oral cancer.
Simple Carbohydrates
Frequent consumption of simple carbohydrates like sugars can increase plaque buildup and tooth decay risk; contributes to the formation of cariogenic oral environment.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E has antioxidant properties and may help in the management of periodontal inflammation; can also promote gingival healing.
Iron
Iron deficiency can lead to anemia and may cause pale oral tissues and atrophic glossitis; it is essential for the maintenance of healthy oral mucosa.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to glossitis, mucosal ulceration, and burning mouth syndrome; vital for red blood cell production which affects oral health.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Deficiency in niacin can cause pellagra, which includes oral symptoms like gingivitis, stomatitis, and a bright red tongue.
Zinc
Zinc plays a role in wound healing and immune response; deficiency can lead to taste disturbances, delayed healing, and increased susceptibility to periodontal disease.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Riboflavin plays a role in mucosal health; deficiency can cause angular cheilitis, glossitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.
Magnesium
Magnesium is necessary for bone and enamel health; deficiency can increase susceptibility to periodontal disease and may play a role in TMJ disorders.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Pyridoxine is necessary for nerve function and immune response; insufficient levels can lead to various oral problems like inflammatory gingival diseases.
Probiotics
Probiotics may help balance oral microflora and reduce the incidence of gingivitis and periodontitis; also potentially beneficial against halitosis and dental caries.
Water
Water is vital for maintaining oral hydration and saliva flow; it helps rinse away food particles and reduces the acidity that contributes to dental caries.
Alcohol
Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to a dry mouth, increasing the risk of caries and periodontal disease; it is also a risk factor for oral cancer.
Artificial Sweeteners
Non-cariogenic artificial sweeteners do not contribute to tooth decay like sugar does; may be found in sugar-free gum and candies that don't promote caries.
Polyunsaturated Fats
Polyunsaturated fats (like those in vegetable oils and fish) may exert anti-inflammatory effects which are beneficial for periodontal health.
Sodium
Excessive sodium intake may contribute to hypertension, which is a risk factor for periodontal disease; moderation is key for overall and oral health.
Carotenoids
Carotenoids have antioxidant properties that may protect oral tissues and help reduce the risk of oral cancer; found in many fruits and vegetables.
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