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Dental Infections and Treatments

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Denture Stomatitis

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Causative agents: Candida Albicans (fungal); Symptoms: Redness under the denture, sore mouth, burning sensation; Treatment: Antifungal medication, proper denture hygiene

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Dental Fistula

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Causative agents: Bacterial infection often due to an untreated dental abscess; Symptoms: Gum boil, discharge of pus, sometimes painless; Treatment: Treating the source infection, possible surgical intervention

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Periapical Abscess

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Causative agents: Bacterial infection (often originating from dental caries); Symptoms: Severe toothache, sensitivity to temperature, swelling; Treatment: Root canal therapy, antibiotics, tooth extraction

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Pulpitis

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Causative agents: Bacteria from decay, fracture, or injury; Symptoms: Toothache, sensitivity, swelling; Treatment: Root canal therapy, tooth extraction, antibiotics (if infection is present)

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Peri-implantitis

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Causative agents: Bacteria around a dental implant; Symptoms: Gum inflammation, bleeding, bone loss around the implant; Treatment: Mechanical debridement, antibiotics, possible surgical treatment

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Oral Herpes

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Causative agents: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1; Symptoms: Painful blisters or ulcers on lips and mouth, fever, swollen lymph nodes; Treatment: Antiviral medications, topical anesthetics, supportive care

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Mucormycosis

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Causative agents: Mucorales fungi; Symptoms: Black necrotic tissue in the oral cavity, facial swelling, fever; Treatment: Surgical debridement, antifungal treatment, control of underlying conditions

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Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

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Causative agents: Mixed bacterial infection; Symptoms: Painful bleeding gums, ulceration, bad breath; Treatment: Dental cleaning, antibiotics, improved oral hygiene

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Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

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Causative agents: Herpes Simplex virus; Symptoms: Swollen gums, small blisters in the mouth, fever; Treatment: Antiviral medications, pain relievers, mouth rinses

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Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis

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Causative agents: Chronic bacterial infection; Symptoms: Pulp outgrowth (pulp polyp), mild pain or asymptomatic, possible tooth discoloration; Treatment: Root canal therapy, extraction

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Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia

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Causative agents: Not an infectious process but a benign bone lesion; Symptoms: Usually asymptomatic, discovered on X-rays; Treatment: Generally no treatment required, observation

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Alveolar Osteitis (Dry Socket)

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Causative agents: Disintegrating blood clot at the site of a tooth extraction; Symptoms: Severe pain within a few days after extraction, visible bone in socket; Treatment: Medication for pain relief, dressing the socket, flushing out the socket

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Thrush

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Causative agents: Candida yeast infection; Symptoms: White patches on the tongue or inner cheeks, red mouth, difficulty swallowing; Treatment: Antifungal medications, good oral hygiene, correcting the condition that caused the outbreak

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Periodontal (Gum) Disease

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Causative agents: Various bacteria in dental plaque; Symptoms: Swollen, red gums, bad breath, gum recession; Treatment: Scaling and root planing, antibiotics, surgery

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Periodontal Abscess

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Causative agents: Bacteria in periodontal pockets; Symptoms: Gum pain, swelling, pus discharge; Treatment: Drainage, scaling and root planing, antibiotics

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Osteomyelitis

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Causative agents: Bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aureus); Symptoms: Fever, pain in the infected bone, swelling; Treatment: Antibiotics, surgery to remove dead bone tissue

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Abscessed Tooth

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Causative agents: Bacterial infection; Symptoms: Severe tooth pain, fever, swollen lymph nodes; Treatment: Draining the abscess, root canal therapy, antibiotics

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Maxillary Sinusitis of Dental Origin

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Causative agents: Bacteria spreading from a dental infection; Symptoms: Sinus pressure, nasal congestion, toothache; Treatment: Treating the source dental infection, sinus irrigation, antibiotics

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Cellulitis

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Causative agents: Bacterial infection often after trauma or existing infection; Symptoms: Skin swelling, redness, pain; Treatment: Antibiotics, surgical drainage if necessary

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Angular Cheilitis

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Causative agents: Candida species, Staphylococcus aureus; Symptoms: Red, swollen patches at the corners of the mouth, crust formation; Treatment: Topical antifungals or antibiotics, lip balm, barrier creams

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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)

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Causative agents: Fusobacterium and spirochete species; Symptoms: Painful bleeding gums, necrosis, bad breath; Treatment: Debridement, antibiotics, improved oral hygiene

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Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ)

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Causative agents: Complication of bisphosphonate therapy; Symptoms: Exposed bone in the jaw, pain, secondary infection; Treatment: Antibiotics, mouth rinses, surgery may be indicated in severe cases

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Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)

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Causative agents: Not fully understood, potential triggers include stress and injury; Symptoms: Painful sores inside the mouth, round lesions with a red edge; Treatment: Topical anesthetic, antimicrobial mouth rinses, corticosteroids

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Cracked Tooth Syndrome

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Causative agents: Bacteria entering through the crack; Symptoms: Pain when chewing, sensitivity to temperature, cracked tooth visible; Treatment: Bonding, crowns, root canal if necessary, extraction

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Gingivitis

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Causative agents: Plaque bacteria; Symptoms: Red, swollen gums, bleeding when brushing; Treatment: Professional teeth cleaning, improved oral hygiene, mouth rinses

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Ludwig's Angina

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Causative agents: Mixed bacterial infection, often including streptococci and staphylococci; Symptoms: Severe neck swelling, pain, dysphagia; Treatment: Antibiotics, securing airway, surgical drainage if necessary

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Actinomycosis

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Causative agents: Actinomyces bacteria; Symptoms: Hard swelling of the affected area, draining sinuses, abscess formation; Treatment: Prolonged antibiotic therapy, possible surgical debridement

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Dental Caries

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Causative agents: Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli; Symptoms: Toothache, visible holes, sensitivity; Treatment: Fillings, Crowns, Root canals

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Pericoronitis

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Causative agents: Bacteria in the accumulation of food and plaque; Symptoms: Swollen gum tissue, pain, difficulty swallowing; Treatment: Oral hygiene, antibiotics, surgical removal of the gum flap

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Endodontic Abscess

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Causative agents: Bacterial infection within the tooth pulp; Symptoms: Pain, swelling, pus formation; Treatment: Root canal therapy, antibiotics, extraction if necessary

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