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Dental Infections and Treatments
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Denture Stomatitis
Causative agents: Candida Albicans (fungal); Symptoms: Redness under the denture, sore mouth, burning sensation; Treatment: Antifungal medication, proper denture hygiene
Dental Fistula
Causative agents: Bacterial infection often due to an untreated dental abscess; Symptoms: Gum boil, discharge of pus, sometimes painless; Treatment: Treating the source infection, possible surgical intervention
Periapical Abscess
Causative agents: Bacterial infection (often originating from dental caries); Symptoms: Severe toothache, sensitivity to temperature, swelling; Treatment: Root canal therapy, antibiotics, tooth extraction
Pulpitis
Causative agents: Bacteria from decay, fracture, or injury; Symptoms: Toothache, sensitivity, swelling; Treatment: Root canal therapy, tooth extraction, antibiotics (if infection is present)
Peri-implantitis
Causative agents: Bacteria around a dental implant; Symptoms: Gum inflammation, bleeding, bone loss around the implant; Treatment: Mechanical debridement, antibiotics, possible surgical treatment
Oral Herpes
Causative agents: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1; Symptoms: Painful blisters or ulcers on lips and mouth, fever, swollen lymph nodes; Treatment: Antiviral medications, topical anesthetics, supportive care
Mucormycosis
Causative agents: Mucorales fungi; Symptoms: Black necrotic tissue in the oral cavity, facial swelling, fever; Treatment: Surgical debridement, antifungal treatment, control of underlying conditions
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)
Causative agents: Mixed bacterial infection; Symptoms: Painful bleeding gums, ulceration, bad breath; Treatment: Dental cleaning, antibiotics, improved oral hygiene
Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
Causative agents: Herpes Simplex virus; Symptoms: Swollen gums, small blisters in the mouth, fever; Treatment: Antiviral medications, pain relievers, mouth rinses
Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis
Causative agents: Chronic bacterial infection; Symptoms: Pulp outgrowth (pulp polyp), mild pain or asymptomatic, possible tooth discoloration; Treatment: Root canal therapy, extraction
Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia
Causative agents: Not an infectious process but a benign bone lesion; Symptoms: Usually asymptomatic, discovered on X-rays; Treatment: Generally no treatment required, observation
Alveolar Osteitis (Dry Socket)
Causative agents: Disintegrating blood clot at the site of a tooth extraction; Symptoms: Severe pain within a few days after extraction, visible bone in socket; Treatment: Medication for pain relief, dressing the socket, flushing out the socket
Thrush
Causative agents: Candida yeast infection; Symptoms: White patches on the tongue or inner cheeks, red mouth, difficulty swallowing; Treatment: Antifungal medications, good oral hygiene, correcting the condition that caused the outbreak
Periodontal (Gum) Disease
Causative agents: Various bacteria in dental plaque; Symptoms: Swollen, red gums, bad breath, gum recession; Treatment: Scaling and root planing, antibiotics, surgery
Periodontal Abscess
Causative agents: Bacteria in periodontal pockets; Symptoms: Gum pain, swelling, pus discharge; Treatment: Drainage, scaling and root planing, antibiotics
Osteomyelitis
Causative agents: Bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aureus); Symptoms: Fever, pain in the infected bone, swelling; Treatment: Antibiotics, surgery to remove dead bone tissue
Abscessed Tooth
Causative agents: Bacterial infection; Symptoms: Severe tooth pain, fever, swollen lymph nodes; Treatment: Draining the abscess, root canal therapy, antibiotics
Maxillary Sinusitis of Dental Origin
Causative agents: Bacteria spreading from a dental infection; Symptoms: Sinus pressure, nasal congestion, toothache; Treatment: Treating the source dental infection, sinus irrigation, antibiotics
Cellulitis
Causative agents: Bacterial infection often after trauma or existing infection; Symptoms: Skin swelling, redness, pain; Treatment: Antibiotics, surgical drainage if necessary
Angular Cheilitis
Causative agents: Candida species, Staphylococcus aureus; Symptoms: Red, swollen patches at the corners of the mouth, crust formation; Treatment: Topical antifungals or antibiotics, lip balm, barrier creams
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)
Causative agents: Fusobacterium and spirochete species; Symptoms: Painful bleeding gums, necrosis, bad breath; Treatment: Debridement, antibiotics, improved oral hygiene
Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ)
Causative agents: Complication of bisphosphonate therapy; Symptoms: Exposed bone in the jaw, pain, secondary infection; Treatment: Antibiotics, mouth rinses, surgery may be indicated in severe cases
Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)
Causative agents: Not fully understood, potential triggers include stress and injury; Symptoms: Painful sores inside the mouth, round lesions with a red edge; Treatment: Topical anesthetic, antimicrobial mouth rinses, corticosteroids
Cracked Tooth Syndrome
Causative agents: Bacteria entering through the crack; Symptoms: Pain when chewing, sensitivity to temperature, cracked tooth visible; Treatment: Bonding, crowns, root canal if necessary, extraction
Gingivitis
Causative agents: Plaque bacteria; Symptoms: Red, swollen gums, bleeding when brushing; Treatment: Professional teeth cleaning, improved oral hygiene, mouth rinses
Ludwig's Angina
Causative agents: Mixed bacterial infection, often including streptococci and staphylococci; Symptoms: Severe neck swelling, pain, dysphagia; Treatment: Antibiotics, securing airway, surgical drainage if necessary
Actinomycosis
Causative agents: Actinomyces bacteria; Symptoms: Hard swelling of the affected area, draining sinuses, abscess formation; Treatment: Prolonged antibiotic therapy, possible surgical debridement
Dental Caries
Causative agents: Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli; Symptoms: Toothache, visible holes, sensitivity; Treatment: Fillings, Crowns, Root canals
Pericoronitis
Causative agents: Bacteria in the accumulation of food and plaque; Symptoms: Swollen gum tissue, pain, difficulty swallowing; Treatment: Oral hygiene, antibiotics, surgical removal of the gum flap
Endodontic Abscess
Causative agents: Bacterial infection within the tooth pulp; Symptoms: Pain, swelling, pus formation; Treatment: Root canal therapy, antibiotics, extraction if necessary
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