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Symptoms: Tooth pain, sensitivity to sweet or hot or cold foods. Cause: Bacteria metabolizing sugars to produce acid that demineralizes tooth enamel. Treatment options: Fluoride treatments, fillings, crowns, root canals.

Symptoms: Bad breath, loose teeth, gum recession. Cause: Untreated gingivitis, leading to inflammation affecting the bone and tissues. Treatment options: Deep cleaning (scaling and root planing), surgery, antibiotics.

Symptoms: Bad breath. Cause: Poor dental hygiene, infections, certain foods, xerostomia (dry mouth). Treatment options: Improved oral hygiene, treatment of underlying conditions, mouthwashes.

Symptoms: Painful, bleeding gums, foul odor, grayish film on the gums. Cause: Poor oral hygiene, stress, weakened immune system. Treatment options: Dental cleaning, antibiotics, improved oral hygiene.

Symptoms: Limited mouth opening, fibrous bands in the mouth, mucosal rigidity. Cause: Chronic use of betel quid, genetic predisposition. Treatment options: Steroid injections, mouth exercises, in severe cases, surgical intervention.

Symptoms: Painful ulcers inside the mouth, tingling or burning sensation. Cause: Unknown, but stress and certain foods can trigger. Treatment options: Topical pastes, mouth rinses, oral medications.

Symptoms: Sharp pain when teeth are exposed to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic stimuli. Cause: Exposed dentin due to receded gums or enamel wear. Treatment options: Desensitizing toothpaste, fluoride varnishes, dental bonding.

Symptoms: Discolored (blue-gray or yellow-brown) teeth, translucent teeth, easy chipping and breakage. Cause: Genetic disorder affecting dentin formation. Treatment options: Crowns, veneers, full-mouth rehabilitation for severe cases.

Symptoms: Map-like appearance on the tongue with red, white, or bald patches. Cause: Unknown, possible genetic predisposition. Treatment options: None usually required, but avoidance of irritative substances, topical treatments for symptoms.

Symptoms: Severe toothache, sensitivity to hot and cold, fever, swollen lymph nodes. Cause: Bacterial infection often due to untreated dental caries or injury. Treatment options: Antibiotics, root canal, extraction.

Symptoms: White patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth, may be rough in texture. Cause: Chronic irritation, smoking, alcohol. Treatment options: Removal of the source of irritation, monitoring for changes, possible surgical removal.

Symptoms: Red, swollen gums with shallow painful erosions, sensitivity to hot or spicy food. Cause: Autoimmune response. Treatment options: Topical or systemic corticosteroids, strict oral hygiene, special mouthwashes.

Symptoms: Soft, rounded, mucous-filled swelling usually on the inner lips or floor of the mouth. Cause: Rupture of a salivary gland duct. Treatment options: Cryotherapy, laser ablation, surgical removal.

Symptoms: Severe pain following a tooth extraction, visible bone in the socket, bad odor or taste. Cause: Dislodgement or dissolution of a blood clot in the extraction site. Treatment options: Cleaning the socket, medicated dressings, pain medications.

Symptoms: Jaw pain, clicking or popping in jaw, limited movement. Cause: Bruxism, arthritis, jaw injury. Treatment options: Pain relievers, physical therapy, mouthguards, surgery in severe cases.

Symptoms: Lacy white patches in the mouth, redness, mouth ulcers. Cause: Autoimmune response. Treatment options: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, careful monitoring.

Symptoms: Painful blisters on lips, fever, swollen lymph nodes. Cause: Herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. Treatment options: Antiviral medications, pain relief, avoidance of triggers.

Symptoms: Painless, smooth, raised lesion in the mouth, often developing after trauma. Cause: Repeated irritation or trauma. Treatment options: Surgical removal if symptomatic or for cosmetic reasons.

Symptoms: White lesions on tongue or oral mucosa, difficulty swallowing, bad taste in mouth. Cause: Overgrowth of Candida fungus. Treatment options: Antifungal medications, good oral hygiene, probiotics.

Symptoms: Persistent mouth sore, difficulty chewing or swallowing, unexplained numbness. Cause: Tobacco use, alcohol, HPV. Treatment options: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy.

Symptoms: Red, swollen gums, bleeding when brushing or flossing. Cause: Bacterial plaque accumulation. Treatment options: Professional dental cleaning, improved oral hygiene, antiseptic mouthwash.

Symptoms: Darkened, furry appearance of the tongue. Cause: Overgrowth of bacteria or yeast, changes in normal bacteria or yeast content. Treatment options: Good oral hygiene, gentle brushing of the tongue, avoiding contributing factors.

Symptoms: Abnormal tooth enamel formation, discoloration, increased risk of cavities. Cause: Genetic inheritance. Treatment options: Dental crowns, bonding, veneers.

Symptoms: Sensitivity, discoloration, rounded teeth. Cause: Acidic foods and drinks, acid reflux, grinding. Treatment options: Dental bonding, veneers, crowns.

Symptoms: Dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, bad breath. Cause: Side effect of certain medications, Sjögren's syndrome, radiation therapy. Treatment options: Saliva substitutes, increased water intake, medications to stimulate saliva.

Symptoms: Redness, swelling, and cracks at the corners of the mouth. Cause: Fungal or bacterial infection, saliva accumulation, nutrient deficiencies. Treatment options: Antifungal or antibiotic creams, improving diet, lip balms.

Symptoms: Teeth grinding, jaw pain, tooth wear. Cause: Stress, misaligned teeth, sleep disorders. Treatment options: Mouthguards, stress reduction techniques, dental correction.

Symptoms: Restricted tongue movement, difficulty with speech or eating, gap between the front teeth. Cause: Short, tight lingual frenulum. Treatment options: Frenotomy, frenuloplasty, speech therapy.

Symptoms: Bony growths on the inside of the mandible, usually beneath the tongue. Cause: Genetic predisposition, bruxism or other occlusal factors. Treatment options: Usually none, surgical removal if they interfere with oral function or prosthesis placement.