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A procedure where the coronal portion of dental pulp is removed to alleviate pain or infection, maintaining the vitality of the remaining pulpal tissue.

A surgical endodontic treatment used to remove the apex of a tooth's root along with infected tissue, followed by sealing the root end.

The complete removal of all pulp tissue from the pulp chamber and root canal, usually as a precursor to root canal therapy.

A plant-derived latex material used as a permanent filler in root canal therapy to seal the cleaned and shaped root canals.

The process of filling a prepared root canal with an inert material to prevent reinfection and promote healing.

An endodontic instrument used to clean and shape the root canal by removing pulp tissue, debris, and bacteria.

An electronic device used during root canal treatment to accurately determine the working length of a root canal to the apical foramen.

A type of endodontic file with a unique design used primarily for canal shaping and efficient cutting action.

A dental instrument with a pointed tip used to locate canal orifices and to explore the canal anatomy.

A barrier used during root canal procedures to isolate the tooth and maintain a sterile field.

A fluid used to clean and disinfect root canals, often sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine.

A basic endodontic instrument used for initial debridement and canal shaping, identifiable by its twisted design.

A root canal instrument used to enlarge and smooth the canal walls, typically having fewer flutes than a K-File.

Instruments used during the obturation step of root canal therapy to laterally compact gutta-percha and ensure a dense fill.

Medication placed inside the root canal between appointments to disinfect the area or calm the pulp tissue.

A diagnostic test that involves applying a cold stimulus to a tooth to assess the health of the pulp.

The process of sealing an accidental hole created in the tooth structure during endodontic treatment.

The use of digital x-ray sensors to produce images of the teeth and surrounding structures, vital for diagnosing and assessing root canal therapy.

A local anesthesia technique used to numb the lower teeth by injecting anesthetic near the inferior alveolar nerve.

The hardening and narrowing of the root canal space over time, which may complicate root canal therapy.