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Acute Glomerulonephritis
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Oliguria
Reduced urine output or oliguria indicates decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Acute Glomerulonephritis. Reversing oliguria involves fluid management and potentially dialysis in severe cases.
Hematuria
Presence of hematuria is indicative of renal parenchymal damage and helps in diagnosing Acute Glomerulonephritis. Treatment may involve managing the underlying cause, such as streptococcal infection.
Elevated Antistreptolysin O (ASO) Titer
An elevated ASO titer suggests a recent streptococcal infection, which can trigger post-infectious Acute Glomerulonephritis. Treatment will involve antibiotics to address the infection and supportive care for renal manifestations.
Edema
Edema, particularly periorbital or in the lower extremities, is common in Acute Glomerulonephritis due to sodium and water retention. Diuretics and sodium restriction are key components of treatment.
Hypertension
Hypertension is often a consequence of fluid overload and altered renal function in Acute Glomerulonephritis. Managing blood pressure is crucial and may involve the use of anti-hypertensives such as calcium channel blockers or diuretics.
Azotemia
Elevated nitrogenous waste products in the blood, or azotemia, signifies impaired renal filtration in Acute Glomerulonephritis. Treatment priorities include management of uremic symptoms and may necessitate renal replacement therapy.
Proteinuria
Proteinuria serves as a marker for kidney damage in Acute Glomerulonephritis. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure and often includes angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
Red Blood Cell Casts
The presence of red blood cell casts in urine sediment is highly indicative of a glomerular origin of hematuria, supporting the diagnosis of Acute Glomerulonephritis. It reflects the need for further renal investigation and possible renal biopsy.
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