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Acute Glomerulonephritis

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Oliguria

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Reduced urine output or oliguria indicates decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Acute Glomerulonephritis. Reversing oliguria involves fluid management and potentially dialysis in severe cases.

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Hematuria

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Presence of hematuria is indicative of renal parenchymal damage and helps in diagnosing Acute Glomerulonephritis. Treatment may involve managing the underlying cause, such as streptococcal infection.

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Elevated Antistreptolysin O (ASO) Titer

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An elevated ASO titer suggests a recent streptococcal infection, which can trigger post-infectious Acute Glomerulonephritis. Treatment will involve antibiotics to address the infection and supportive care for renal manifestations.

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Edema

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Edema, particularly periorbital or in the lower extremities, is common in Acute Glomerulonephritis due to sodium and water retention. Diuretics and sodium restriction are key components of treatment.

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Hypertension

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Hypertension is often a consequence of fluid overload and altered renal function in Acute Glomerulonephritis. Managing blood pressure is crucial and may involve the use of anti-hypertensives such as calcium channel blockers or diuretics.

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Azotemia

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Elevated nitrogenous waste products in the blood, or azotemia, signifies impaired renal filtration in Acute Glomerulonephritis. Treatment priorities include management of uremic symptoms and may necessitate renal replacement therapy.

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Proteinuria

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Proteinuria serves as a marker for kidney damage in Acute Glomerulonephritis. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure and often includes angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).

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Red Blood Cell Casts

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The presence of red blood cell casts in urine sediment is highly indicative of a glomerular origin of hematuria, supporting the diagnosis of Acute Glomerulonephritis. It reflects the need for further renal investigation and possible renal biopsy.

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