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The outer region of the kidney that contains nephrons, responsible for filtering blood and initiating urine formation.

The inner region of the kidney consists of cone-shaped masses called renal pyramids; it processes filtrate from the renal cortex to create urine.

A funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the medulla and transports it to the ureter.

The functional unit of the kidney, each consists of a glomerulus and renal tubule, where blood filtration and urine production occur.

A cluster of capillaries enclosed by Bowman's capsule in the nephron where blood filtration takes place.

A cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron that encases the glomerulus and captures filtrate.

The first segment of the renal tubule that reabsorbs water, ions, and nutrients from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.

A U-shaped portion of the renal tubule that concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and salts.

The segment of the nephron that follows the Loop of Henle and further processes the filtrate by reabsorbing water and ions.

A series of tubules and ducts that collect urine from the nephrons and move it to the renal pelvis.

The blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys from the aorta.

The vessel that drains deoxygenated blood and metabolic waste products from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.

The duct that conducts urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder.

A complex of cells in the nephron where the afferent arteriole makes contact with the distal convoluted tubule; it regulates blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.