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Basic Anatomy of the Kidney

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Distal Convoluted Tubule

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The segment of the nephron that follows the Loop of Henle and further processes the filtrate by reabsorbing water and ions.

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Renal Cortex

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The outer region of the kidney that contains nephrons, responsible for filtering blood and initiating urine formation.

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Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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The first segment of the renal tubule that reabsorbs water, ions, and nutrients from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.

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Renal Artery

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The blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys from the aorta.

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Nephron

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The functional unit of the kidney, each consists of a glomerulus and renal tubule, where blood filtration and urine production occur.

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Loop of Henle

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A U-shaped portion of the renal tubule that concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and salts.

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Renal Medulla

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The inner region of the kidney consists of cone-shaped masses called renal pyramids; it processes filtrate from the renal cortex to create urine.

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Renal Capsule

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A tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and a layer of adipose tissue that provides cushioning and insulation for the kidney.

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Collecting Duct

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A series of tubules and ducts that collect urine from the nephrons and move it to the renal pelvis.

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Renal Pelvis

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A funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the medulla and transports it to the ureter.

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Glomerulus

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A cluster of capillaries enclosed by Bowman's capsule in the nephron where blood filtration takes place.

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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

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A complex of cells in the nephron where the afferent arteriole makes contact with the distal convoluted tubule; it regulates blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.

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Bowman's Capsule

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A cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron that encases the glomerulus and captures filtrate.

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Renal Vein

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The vessel that drains deoxygenated blood and metabolic waste products from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.

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Ureter

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The duct that conducts urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder.

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