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Urinary urgency without other clear cause should prompt testing for UTI, which usually includes a urinalysis and urine culture.

In infants, failure to thrive may be associated with chronic, unrecognized UTI. Workup includes urinalysis, urine culture, and potentially renal ultrasound or voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG).

Dysuria, or painful urination, can be a sign of UTI, and should be investigated with a urinalysis and possibly a urine culture to confirm diagnosis.

Abdominal pain in children can be a symptom of UTI, especially when lower and associated with other urinary symptoms. Ultrasound may be considered after initial urinalysis and culture.

Foul-smelling urine can be a sign of a UTI in children. A clinical workup begins with urinalysis to check for the presence of leukocytes, nitrites, and bacteria, followed by urine culture.

A fever in a pediatric patient can indicate a UTI, especially if it is high or persistent. Urinalysis and cultures are standard diagnostic tools for fever of unknown origin in pediatrics.

Increased frequency of urination can indicate a UTI in a child. Diagnostic workup often starts with urinalysis and can be followed by a culture.

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can suggest UTI among other diagnoses and warrants a urinalysis and urine culture to establish the cause.

While not specific, vomiting can accompany a UTI, particularly in infants and younger children. It can necessitate urinalysis, culture, and potentially imaging if systemic infection is suspected.