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Mechanism of action: Inhibit the action of monoamine oxidase enzyme and thus prevent the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters. Uses: Depression and Parkinson’s disease.

Mechanism of action: Block dopamine receptors, specifically D2 receptors. Uses: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and treatment-resistant depression.

Mechanism of action: Stimulate alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, inhibiting the release of norepinephrine and decreasing sympathetic outflow. Uses: Hypertension, ADHD, and drug withdrawal symptoms.

Mechanism of action: Block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Uses: Depression, chronic pain, and migraines.

Mechanism of action: Increase the release of and/or block the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Uses: ADHD, narcolepsy, and obesity.

Mechanism of action: Block the NMDA receptor to inhibit the effects of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Uses: Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, and as an adjunct in anesthesia.

Mechanism of action: Inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Uses: Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis.

Mechanism of action: Agonize serotonin (5-HT) receptors, causing vasoconstriction of cranial blood vessels. Uses: Acute migraine attacks.

Mechanism of action: Diverse, including inhibition of norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake. Uses: Depression, anxiety disorders, and smoking cessation.

Mechanism of action: Structurally similar to GABA, they modulate GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission. Uses: Neuropathic pain, partial seizures, and fibromyalgia.

Mechanism of action: Block acetylcholine receptors, inhibiting parasympathetic nerve impulses. Uses: Parkinson’s disease, movement disorders, and certain types of medication-induced movement disorders.

Mechanism of action: Block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Uses: Migraines, essential tremor, and performance anxiety.

Mechanism of action: Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic cell. Uses: Depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD.

Mechanism of action: Enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA at the GABA-A receptor. Uses: Anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizure disorders, muscle spasms.

Mechanism of action: Diverse; lithium interacts with multiple neurotransmitter systems, anticonvulsants modulate ion channels and neurotransmitter release. Uses: Bipolar disorder and mood regulation.

Mechanism of action: Enhance inhibitory neurotransmission and/or diminish excitatory neurotransmission. Uses: Seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, and neuropathic pain.

Mechanism of action: Various mechanisms, including modulation of acetylcholine and glutamate receptors. Uses: Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders.

Mechanism of action: Act at various CNS levels to reduce muscle tone. Uses: Muscle spasms, spasticity due to neurological disorders.

Mechanism of action: Mimic dopamine by binding to dopamine receptors. Uses: Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome.