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Structures: Oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), abducens nerve (CN VI), ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (CN V1), and superior ophthalmic vein. Clinical relevance: Lesions here may result in ophthalmoplegia.

Structures: Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN V2). Clinical relevance: Can be a site for anesthetic injections to block pain in maxillary area.

Structures: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), and internal jugular vein. Clinical relevance: Jugular foramen syndrome affects multiple cranial nerves leading to a variety of symptoms like dysphonia, dysphagia, and loss of gag reflex.

Structures: Facial nerve (CN VII). Clinical relevance: Bell's palsy can occur due to inflammation or compression of the facial nerve at this site.

Structures: Middle meningeal artery and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve. Clinical relevance: The artery is often involved in epidural hematomas.

Structures: Nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery. Clinical relevance: May be a focal point for palatal pain syndromes.

Structures: Spinal cord, vertebral arteries, and accessory nerves (CN XI). Clinical relevance: Herniation of cerebellar tonsils during increased intracranial pressure can be life-threatening.

Structures: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). Clinical relevance: Hypoglossal nerve palsy can result in ipsilateral atrophy of the tongue muscles.

Structures: May transmit small meningeal arteries, occasionally the vidian nerve. Clinical relevance: Although largely filled with fibrocartilage, it can serve as a conduit for the spread of infections from the nasopharynx.

Structures: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3), lesser petrosal nerve, accessory meningeal artery, emissary veins. Clinical relevance: Foramen ovale syndrome involves neuralgia of CN V3.

Structures: Optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery. Clinical relevance: Fractures can lead to vision loss.