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Neurotransmitters and Functions

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Epinephrine

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Also known as adrenaline, it increases heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. It is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter.

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Endorphins

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Known as natural painkillers, they are involved in pain reduction and feeling good, or the 'runner's high'.

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Oxytocin

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This neurotransmitter acts as a hormone and is best known for its roles in sexual reproduction, maternal behaviors, and social bonding.

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Dopamine

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Plays roles in reward, motivation, memory, attention, and even regulating body movements.

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Substance P

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A neuropeptide involved in the transmission of pain, stress responses, and inflammation.

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Acetylcholine

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Involved in muscle contraction, learning, and memory. It is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system.

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Anandamide

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Plays a role in pain, appetite, memory, and motivation. It's an endocannabinoid that binds to cannabinoid receptors.

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Serotonin

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Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Also involved in cognitive functions like memory and learning.

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Histamine

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Involved in the immune response, regulates physiological function in the gut, and acts as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus.

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GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

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The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, it plays a role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

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Norepinephrine

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Acts as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It's important for attentiveness, emotions, sleeping, dreaming, and learning.

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Glutamate

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The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory.

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