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Neurotransmitters and Functions
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Epinephrine
Also known as adrenaline, it increases heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. It is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
Endorphins
Known as natural painkillers, they are involved in pain reduction and feeling good, or the 'runner's high'.
Oxytocin
This neurotransmitter acts as a hormone and is best known for its roles in sexual reproduction, maternal behaviors, and social bonding.
Dopamine
Plays roles in reward, motivation, memory, attention, and even regulating body movements.
Substance P
A neuropeptide involved in the transmission of pain, stress responses, and inflammation.
Acetylcholine
Involved in muscle contraction, learning, and memory. It is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Anandamide
Plays a role in pain, appetite, memory, and motivation. It's an endocannabinoid that binds to cannabinoid receptors.
Serotonin
Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Also involved in cognitive functions like memory and learning.
Histamine
Involved in the immune response, regulates physiological function in the gut, and acts as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus.
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, it plays a role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.
Norepinephrine
Acts as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It's important for attentiveness, emotions, sleeping, dreaming, and learning.
Glutamate
The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory.
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