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The Autonomic Nervous System
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Adrenal Medulla
Releases adrenaline and noradrenaline into bloodstream, augmenting the 'fight or flight' response.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Adjusts heart rate and blood vessel diameter in response to changes in blood pressure.
Cardiac Center
Influences heart rate and strength of heart contractions, modulating blood pressure and heart function.
Fight or Flight Response
Triggers release of glucose for immediate energy, increases oxygen availability, and directs blood to essential organs.
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
Controls gastrointestinal system: regulates gut movements and secretions for proper digestion.
Thermoregulatory Response to Heat
Activates sweating and peripheral vasodilation, facilitating heat loss.
Respiratory Centers
Regulates the rate and depth of breathing, integrating with the rest of the autonomic nervous system.
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
Promotes 'rest and digest': slows heart rate, contracts the bladder, stimulates digestion, and conserves energy.
Sexual Response
Involves increased blood flow and prepares genitals for reproduction, influenced by parasympathetic activation.
Vasomotor Center
Regulates blood vessel diameter, affecting blood pressure and flow.
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
Prepares the body for 'fight or flight': increases heart rate, dilates airways, releases adrenaline, and inhibits digestion.
Pupillary Light Reflex
Constricts pupil in response to bright light to protect the retina and improve visual acuity.
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