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These vertebrae attach to the ribs and primarily provide stability and support for the upper body. They protect the thoracic spinal cord, which helps regulate sympathetic functions and provides nerve supply to the torso.

Fused vertebrae that connect the spine to the pelvis, providing stability and supporting the weight of the upper body. Contains sacral plexus which contributes to sciatic nerve, important for lower limb motor and sensory function.

A collection of nerve roots at the lower end of the vertebral canal, which continue from the spinal cord and resemble a horse's tail. They provide neural input to the lower limbs and pelvic region.

The largest vertebrae that support the body's weight and allow for flexibility and movement. They protect the lumbar spinal cord which supplies nerves to the lower limbs and pelvic organs.

The sacral spinal nerves control the muscles of the pelvis and legs. Meanwhile, the coccygeal nerve is small and has little clinical significance but can contribute to skin sensation over the coccyx.

Comprised of 3 to 5 fused vertebrae, the coccyx provides attachment for ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor. It has no significant neurological significance but can contribute to pain syndromes if injured.

This section of spinal cord gives rise to nerve roots that form the cervical plexuses (including phrenic nerve for diaphragm) and brachial plexuses, involved in sensory and motor function of the neck, shoulders, arms, and diaphragm.

Contains neurons responsible for motor and sensory information of the trunk and abdomen. Also relays sympathetic nervous system signals, affecting heart rate, breathing, and digestion.

These vertebrae support the skull, allow for a wide range of head movement, and protect the cervical spinal cord, which is responsible for supplying nerves to the upper body, including the arms and diaphragm.