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Discovered the Americas in 1492, setting off European colonization.

First to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route.

His expedition was the first to circumnavigate the Earth.

Conquered the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico.

Conquered the Incan Empire in what is now Peru.

Claimed Canada for England, landing on Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island.

First to demonstrate that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts.

Explored Florida, searching for the Fountain of Youth.

Claimed what is now Canada for France; first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River.

Explored parts of the Arctic Ocean and northeastern North America, Hudson River, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay are named for him.

Made first contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.

First European to see and stand in the waters of the Pacific Ocean from the New World.

His account of the failed Narváez expedition provided insights into Native American life in the U.S. Southeast.

First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and helped defeat the Spanish Armada of 1588.