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Age of Exploration Discoverers

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Henry Hudson

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Explored parts of the Arctic Ocean and northeastern North America, Hudson River, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay are named for him.

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Vasco Núñez de Balboa

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First European to see and stand in the waters of the Pacific Ocean from the New World.

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Francisco Pizarro

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Conquered the Incan Empire in what is now Peru.

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Vasco da Gama

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First to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route.

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Hernán Cortés

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Conquered the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico.

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James Cook

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Made first contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.

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John Cabot

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Claimed Canada for England, landing on Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island.

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Jacques Cartier

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Claimed what is now Canada for France; first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River.

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Bartolomeu Dias

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First European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa, opening the sea route to Asia via the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

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Ferdinand Magellan

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His expedition was the first to circumnavigate the Earth.

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Amerigo Vespucci

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First to demonstrate that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts.

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Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

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His account of the failed Narváez expedition provided insights into Native American life in the U.S. Southeast.

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Sir Francis Drake

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First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and helped defeat the Spanish Armada of 1588.

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Juan Ponce de León

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Explored Florida, searching for the Fountain of Youth.

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Christopher Columbus

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Discovered the Americas in 1492, setting off European colonization.

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