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During the Industrial Revolution, working conditions were often harsh and dangerous with long hours and low wages. Over time, labor laws and unions have improved workers' rights and safety.

Children as young as five were employed in factories and mines. Child labor laws and societal changes have largely eliminated such practices in developed nations.

The rapid urbanization led to poor housing conditions, with many living in cramped, unsanitary slums. Housing quality has improved with better regulations and urban planning.

Women worked long hours in poor conditions for lower pay than men. The feminist movement and equal rights legislation have fought for gender equality in the workplace.

The Industrial Revolution spurred massive urban growth as workers migrated to cities for factory jobs. This led to overcrowding and the development of city infrastructures.

The Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of modern transportation, with the invention of railways and steamships. This sector has continually evolved with technological advancements.

The period saw significant technological innovations such as the steam engine and the power loom, which increased productivity and changed employment patterns.

The Industrial Revolution intensified class divisions, with a clear distinction between the working classes and the industrial capitalists. Over time, the growth of the middle class and social mobility have blurred these divisions.

Poor working and living conditions led to health issues. Public health initiatives and legislation have since increased life expectancy and reduced disease.