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Year passed: 1973, Provisions: Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by Federal agencies, in programs receiving Federal financial assistance, and in Federal employment; Significance: The first major legislative effort to secure an equal playing field for individuals with disabilities.

Year passed: 1965, Provisions: Provided federal funds for primary and secondary education, emphasized equal access to education, and established high standards and accountability; Significance: Marks the most expansive federal intervention into education in American history.

Year passed: 1984, Provisions: Required all states to legislate and enforce a minimum legal drinking age of 21; Significance: Significantly reduced alcohol-related traffic accidents and fatalities among youth.

Year passed: 2010, Provisions: Introduced protections for healthcare consumers, expansion of Medicaid, and subsidies for health insurance; Significance: Same as the Affordable Care Act.

Year passed: 2010, Provisions: Expanded health insurance coverage, established health insurance exchanges, mandated insurance coverage; Significance: Considerable overhaul of the U.S. healthcare system aiming to reduce the uninsured rate.

Year passed: 1938, Provisions: Established minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards; Significance: Improved working conditions and protected workers' rights.

Year passed: 1965, Provisions: Prohibited racial discrimination in voting; Significance: Ensured minority groups' right to vote, especially in the Southern states.

Year passed: 2010, Provisions: Promoted the financial stability of the United States by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system, end 'too big to fail' banks, protect the American taxpayer by ending bailouts, and protect consumers from abusive financial services practices; Significance: The most significant changes to financial regulation in the United States since the regulatory reform that followed the Great Depression.

Year passed: 1972, Provisions: Prohibited sex discrimination in any educational program receiving Federal financial assistance; Significance: Major step forward for gender equality in education, significantly increased female participation in sports.

Year passed: 1965, Provisions: Established Medicare, a health insurance program for the elderly, and Medicaid, a health insurance program for the poor; Significance: Greatly expanded health insurance coverage in the U.S. for older Americans and low-income individuals and families.

Year passed: 1964, Provisions: Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; Significance: Ended Jim Crow laws in the South and provided legal recourse against discrimination.

Year passed: 1993, Provisions: Required covered employers to provide employees with job-protected, unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons; Significance: Helped to balance work and family life by allowing employees to take reasonable leave for certain family and medical reasons.

Year passed: 2001, Provisions: Expanded the authority of U.S. law enforcement for the stated purpose of fighting terrorism in the United States and abroad; Significance: Significantly increased the surveillance and investigative powers of law enforcement agencies in the U.S.

Year passed: 1935, Provisions: Established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped; Significance: Laid the foundation for the modern welfare state in the U.S.

Year passed: 1970 (with major amendments in 1977 and 1990), Provisions: Authorized the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit emissions from both stationary (industrial) sources and mobile sources; Significance: A hallmark piece of environmental legislation in the U.S., led to significant improvements in air quality.

Year passed: 1935, Provisions: Established the rights of employees to organize, join labor unions, and bargain collectively; Significance: Boosted the labor movement and led to significant growth in union membership.

Year passed: 1990, Provisions: Prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities; Significance: Extended civil rights protections similar to those provided based on race, sex, national origin, and religion.