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Civil Rights Movement Figures

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Malcolm X

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Advocated for black empowerment and the promotion of Islam among blacks, criticized the mainstream Civil Rights Movement, assassinated in 1965

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Martin Luther King Jr.

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Led the Civil Rights Movement, delivered the 'I Have a Dream' speech, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964

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Rosa Parks

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Refused to give up her seat on a bus, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott, known as the 'Mother of the Freedom Movement'

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Dolores Huerta

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Co-founded United Farm Workers, instrumental in the passage of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975, advocate for women's rights

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Frederick Douglass

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Escaped slavery, became a leading abolitionist, writer, and speaker, supported women's suffrage

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Fannie Lou Hamer

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Helped found the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, famous for her speech at the 1964 Democratic National Convention

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Booker T. Washington

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Founded Tuskegee Institute, delivered Atlanta Compromise speech, promoted vocational education

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Ella Baker

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Worked behind the scenes of the Civil Rights Movement, helped found SNCC, advocated for grassroots organizing

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John Lewis

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Key figure in the Selma marches, chairman of SNCC, long-time U.S. Congressman, awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom

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Harriet Tubman

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Conducted the Underground Railroad, leading to the escape of many slaves, supported the suffrage movement

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James Baldwin

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Wrote on race, sexuality, and class distinctions in Western societies, notably in mid-20th-century America, author of 'Go Tell It on the Mountain'

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Bayard Rustin

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Organized the 1963 March on Washington, worked closely with MLK Jr., influential in promoting nonviolent protest

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Thurgood Marshall

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First African-American Supreme Court Justice, won Brown v. Board of Education, worked to end racial segregation

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W.E.B. Du Bois

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Co-founded the NAACP, opposed Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise, first African-American to earn a PhD from Harvard

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Cesar Chavez

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Co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, led boycotts and strikes for farm workers' rights, helped enact the Agricultural Labor Relations Act

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