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Progressive Era Reforms
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Pure Food and Drug Act
Year enacted: 1906; Implications: It prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs, and laid foundations for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Meat Inspection Act
Year enacted: 1906; Implications: The Act mandated inspection of meat processing plants to ensure sanitary conditions, leading to federal regulation of food safety.
Federal Reserve Act
Year enacted: 1913; Implications: Created the Federal Reserve System, which reformed banking by establishing a central banking system and a form of economic stabilization.
Clayton Antitrust Act
Year enacted: 1914; Implications: Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by prohibiting anti-competitive mergers and unethical business practices, and protecting labor unions and farm organizations.
18th Amendment
Year enacted: 1919; Implications: Established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal.
19th Amendment
Year enacted: 1920; Implications: Granted women the right to vote, a major victory for the women's suffrage movement.
The Mann-Elkins Act
Year enacted: 1910; Implications: Extended the Interstate Commerce Commission's authority to include regulation of telephone, telegraph, and cable companies, and strengthened regulations against railroad rate abuses.
Federal Trade Commission Act
Year enacted: 1914; Implications: Established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and gave it the power to investigate and prevent unfair trade practices.
Elkins Act
Year enacted: 1903; Implications: Aimed to end railroad rebates, strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission by imposing heavy fines on railroads offering rebates and on shippers accepting them.
The Hepburn Act
Year enacted: 1906; Implications: Authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose 'just and reasonable' rates for the railroads and extended its jurisdiction.
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