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Progressive Era Reforms

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Pure Food and Drug Act

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Year enacted: 1906; Implications: It prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs, and laid foundations for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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Meat Inspection Act

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Year enacted: 1906; Implications: The Act mandated inspection of meat processing plants to ensure sanitary conditions, leading to federal regulation of food safety.

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Federal Reserve Act

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Year enacted: 1913; Implications: Created the Federal Reserve System, which reformed banking by establishing a central banking system and a form of economic stabilization.

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Clayton Antitrust Act

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Year enacted: 1914; Implications: Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by prohibiting anti-competitive mergers and unethical business practices, and protecting labor unions and farm organizations.

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18th Amendment

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Year enacted: 1919; Implications: Established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal.

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19th Amendment

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Year enacted: 1920; Implications: Granted women the right to vote, a major victory for the women's suffrage movement.

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The Mann-Elkins Act

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Year enacted: 1910; Implications: Extended the Interstate Commerce Commission's authority to include regulation of telephone, telegraph, and cable companies, and strengthened regulations against railroad rate abuses.

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Federal Trade Commission Act

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Year enacted: 1914; Implications: Established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and gave it the power to investigate and prevent unfair trade practices.

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Elkins Act

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Year enacted: 1903; Implications: Aimed to end railroad rebates, strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission by imposing heavy fines on railroads offering rebates and on shippers accepting them.

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The Hepburn Act

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Year enacted: 1906; Implications: Authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose 'just and reasonable' rates for the railroads and extended its jurisdiction.

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