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Basic Muscle Anatomy
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Trapezius
Location: Upper back and neck. Function: Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; extends the neck.
Supraspinatus
Location: Upper back, over the scapula. Function: Abducts the arm at the shoulder.
Supinator
Location: Forearm. Function: Supinates the forearm.
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Location: Forearm. Function: Flexes the wrist and abducts the hand.
Triceps Brachii
Location: Back of the upper arm. Function: Extends the elbow.
Biceps Brachii
Location: Front of the upper arm. Function: Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.
External Oblique
Location: Side of the abdomen. Function: Flexes and rotates the vertebral column; compresses the abdominal wall.
Gastrocnemius
Location: Calf. Function: Plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee.
Sternocleidomastoid
Location: Neck. Function: Flexes and laterally rotates the cervical spine; when acting together, flex the neck and extend the head.
Brachioradialis
Location: Forearm. Function: Flexes the elbow; assists in pronating and supinating the forearm when these motions are resisted.
Pronator Teres
Location: Forearm. Function: Pronates the forearm; assists in flexing the elbow.
Latissimus Dorsi
Location: Lower back. Function: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward and backward.
Infraspinatus
Location: Upper back, below the supraspinatus. Function: Laterally rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
Iliopsoas
Location: Inner abdomen, extending to the hip. Function: Flexes and externally rotates the hip.
Extensor Digitorum
Location: Forearm. Function: Extends the fingers and the wrist.
Deltoid
Location: Shoulder. Function: Abducts, flexes, and extends the arm at the shoulder.
Hamstrings
Location: Back of the thigh. Function: Flex the knee and extend the hip.
Quadriceps Femoris
Location: Front of the thigh. Function: Extends the knee; one part also flexes the hip.
Pectoralis Major
Location: Chest. Function: Adducts and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder.
Serratus Anterior
Location: Side of the chest beneath the armpit. Function: Pulls the scapula forward and around the rib cage.
Gracilis
Location: Inner thigh. Function: Adducts the thigh; flexes and medially rotates the leg.
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Location: Forearm. Function: Flexes the fingers.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Location: Forearm. Function: Extends the wrist and adducts the hand.
Rectus Abdominis
Location: Front of the abdomen. Function: Flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal cavity.
Soleus
Location: Calf, underneath the gastrocnemius. Function: Plantarflexes the foot.
Rhomboids
Location: Upper back between the spine and the scapula. Function: Retracts, elevates, and rotates the scapula.
Gluteus Maximus
Location: Buttocks. Function: Extends and laterally rotates the hip; maintains posture.
Tibialis Anterior
Location: Front of the shin. Function: Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.
Erector Spinae
Location: Running vertically along the spine. Function: Extend and laterally flex the spine.
Teres Major
Location: Upper side of the back, under the scapula. Function: Internally rotates and adducts the arm.
Adductor Group
Location: Inner thigh. Function: Adducts and medially rotates the thigh.
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