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Attentional focus involves the direction of one's focus to either internal body sensations or external environmental factors during exercise. Appropriate focusing can prevent distractions and enhance performance and enjoyment, leading to better exercise adherence.

Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual has conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors that lead to discomfort. This can negatively affect exercise adherence if a person's attitudes towards exercise and actual behavior do not align.

Flow state, or being 'in the zone,' is characterized by complete immersion in an activity, leading to a sense of ecstasy, clarity, and time distortion. Achieving flow in exercise can heighten the intrinsic value of the activity and promote continued participation.

Exercise can serve as a stress management tool by providing a distraction, reducing muscle tension, and releasing endorphins. Effective management of stress through exercise can improve adherence by enhancing the psychological benefits associated with physical activity.

Positive body image can increase confidence and the desire to engage in physical activities, while a negative body image might reduce the likelihood of exercising. Encouragement and realistic goal-setting can help improve one's body image and exercise adherence.

Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior driven by external rewards such as trophies, money, or social recognition. Although it can initially increase exercise adherence, it may not sustain activity in the absence of external incentives.

Regular physical activity can improve mood through the release of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and endorphins. Positive changes in mood can boost motivation to continue exercising and thus improve adherence.

Effective goal setting, using the SMART criteria (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound), can help in maintaining exercise adherence by providing clear directions and motivation.

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. High self-efficacy often correlates with greater motivation and persistence, positively affecting exercise adherence.

Imaging oneself successfully engaging in exercise can foster a positive mindset and enhance self-efficacy, which in turn can increase the likelihood of consistent exercise behavior.

Intrinsic motivation arises from within the individual and involves engaging in behavior because it is personally rewarding. It typically leads to higher exercise adherence because the individual enjoys the activity for its own sake.