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Deliver more oxygen to the muscles due to increased blood flow and potentially an increased oxygen release from haemoglobin.

During exercise, non-essential blood vessels constrict to redirect more blood to active muscles.

Active tissues receive an increased blood supply due to higher cardiac output and redistribution of blood flow.

Venous return to the heart is increased through the muscle pump action and the respiratory pump during exercise.

Increased capillary density allows for greater oxygen and nutrient exchange.

Opens more frequently to allow a higher volume of blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta during each cardiac cycle.

Opens more frequently, assisting in increased circulation of blood through the lungs for oxygenation.

Increases rate and force of contractions to pump more blood and deliver oxygen more rapidly to the muscles.

Contract more rapidly to quickly move blood into the ventricles.

Enhanced perfusion of the lungs to match increased breathing rate and depth, facilitating greater oxygen uptake.

Respond to changes in blood pressure during exercise and adjust heart rate and stroke volume accordingly.

Expand to allow increased blood flow to active muscles.

Conducts the electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles faster to keep up with increased heart rate.

Eject more blood with each contraction (increased stroke volume) to provide adequate flow to exercising muscles.

Active muscles experience increased blood flow due to vasodilation, facilitating greater delivery of oxygen and nutrients.

Increases the pace-making activity to raise heart rate, meeting the higher demand for blood.

Monitor arterial pressure and relay information to the cardiovascular center to maintain blood pressure during exercise.

The volume increases with training, which can improve cardiovascular function by reducing blood viscosity.

Experience increased dilation to ensure sufficient oxygen-rich blood is supplied to the heart muscle itself during exercise.