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Depression can lead to substance abuse as individuals may use drugs or alcohol as a form of self-medication to alleviate their symptoms. Additionally, substance abuse can exacerbate or trigger depression, creating a cyclical comorbidity.

Individuals with anxiety disorders might abuse substances to reduce anxiety or panic feelings. Chronic substance use can increase anxiety and even lead to addiction, which can create a reinforcing loop of increased anxiety and substance use.

People with bipolar disorder may use substances during manic episodes or to counteract depressive episodes. Substance use can disrupt the effectiveness of mood stabilizers and lead to a more erratic course of the illness.

Individuals with schizophrenia might use substances, often nicotine, to self-medicate or alleviate side effects of antipsychotic medications. This can complicate the course of treatment and worsen psychiatric symptoms.

Those suffering from PTSD may turn to substances to numb or escape from their traumatic memories and symptoms. Substance abuse can impede the processing of trauma and hinder recovery, potentially leading to a worsening of PTSD symptoms.

Individuals with ADHD may be prone to substance abuse as a way to self-medicate or manage their symptoms. Stimulant medications used for ADHD can be addictive, and their misuse can lead to substance use disorders.