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Major Classes of Addictive Substances
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Opioids
A class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription. They are known for their pain-relieving effects and high potential for addiction and dependence.
Depressants
Substances that inhibit the function of the central nervous system and decrease neural activity, which can cause sedation, relieve anxiety, and help with sleep. Examples include benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol.
Stimulants
A class that enhances brain activity, causing an increase in alertness, attention, and energy. Commonly used stimulants include cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription drugs such as Adderall and Ritalin.
Hallucinogens
These substances cause profound changes in perception, thought, and mood. Users may see or hear things that do not exist. Examples include LSD, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), and PCP.
Cannabinoids
This class of drugs includes compounds from the Cannabis plant as well as synthetic versions. They can produce a range of effects, including relaxation and euphoria, and can impair short-term memory and judgment. Examples are marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids like K2/Spice.
Inhalants
Inhalants are volatile substances found in many household products that produce chemical vapors that can be inhaled to induce a psychoactive, or mind-altering, effect. Examples include paint thinners, glue, and nitrous oxide.
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