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Molecular Biology

Amino Acids

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Leucine

Structure: (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Non-polar; Essential

Arginine

Structure: HN=C(NH2)-NH-(CH2)3-CH(NH2)-COOH; Positively charged; Non-essential

Serine

Structure: HO-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Polar; Non-essential

Asparagine

Structure: H2N-CO-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Polar; Non-essential

Methionine

Structure: CH3-S-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Non-polar; Essential

Isoleucine

Structure: CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH; Non-polar; Essential

Threonine

Structure: CH3-CH(OH)-CH(NH2)-COOH; Polar; Essential

Tryptophan

Structure: Ph-NH-CH=C-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Non-polar; Essential

Glutamic Acid

Structure: HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Negatively charged at physiological pH; Non-essential

Cysteine

Structure: HS-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Polar; Non-essential

Glutamine

Structure: H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Polar; Non-essential

Aspartic Acid

Structure: HOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Negatively charged at physiological pH; Non-essential

Proline

Structure: H2N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-COOH, where the amino group forms a cyclic amide; Non-polar; Non-essential

Alanine

Structure: H3C-CH(NH2)-COOH; Non-polar; Non-essential

Valine

Structure: (CH3)2-CH-CH(NH2)-COOH; Non-polar; Essential

Histidine

Structure: NH-CH=N-CH=C-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Positive charge at physiological pH; Essential

Phenylalanine

Structure: Ph-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Non-polar; Essential

Glycine

Structure: H2N-CH2-COOH; Non-polar; Non-essential

Tyrosine

Structure: p-OH-Ph-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH; Polar; Non-essential

Lysine

Structure: H2N-(CH2)4-CH(NH2)-COOH; Positive charge at physiological pH; Essential

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