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Essential Vitamins
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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Major functions: Energy metabolism, brain function. Deficiency diseases: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Major functions: Antioxidant, collagen synthesis, immune support. Deficiency diseases: Scurvy, which can cause anemia, bleeding gums, weakness.
Vitamin D
Major functions: Bone health through calcium regulation, immune system regulation. Deficiency diseases: Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults.
Vitamin E
Major functions: Antioxidant, protection of cell membranes from damage. Deficiency diseases: Hemolytic anemia, neurologic issues.
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Major functions: Synthesis of coenzyme A, fatty acid synthesis. Deficiency diseases: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Major functions: Energy production, skin and eye health. Deficiency diseases: Ariboflavinosis, which can cause sore throat, swelling of mucus membranes.
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Major functions: Carbohydrate and fat metabolism, gene regulation. Deficiency diseases: Dermatitis, hair loss, neurological disorders.
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Major functions: DNA synthesis, cell growth. Deficiency diseases: Birth defects, megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Major functions: Red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, nervous system function. Deficiency diseases: Megaloblastic anemia, neurological disorders.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Major functions: Metabolizing food, skin health, DNA repair. Deficiency diseases: Pellagra, which includes symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia.
Vitamin A
Major functions: Vision, immune function, and skin health. Deficiency diseases: Night blindness, immune deficiencies.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Major functions: Amino acid metabolism, red blood cell production. Deficiency diseases: Anemia, peripheral neuropathy.
Vitamin K
Major functions: Blood clotting, bone metabolism. Deficiency diseases: Bleeding diathesis, increased bleeding and bruising.
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