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Essential Vitamins

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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

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Major functions: Energy metabolism, brain function. Deficiency diseases: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

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Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

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Major functions: Antioxidant, collagen synthesis, immune support. Deficiency diseases: Scurvy, which can cause anemia, bleeding gums, weakness.

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Vitamin D

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Major functions: Bone health through calcium regulation, immune system regulation. Deficiency diseases: Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults.

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Vitamin E

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Major functions: Antioxidant, protection of cell membranes from damage. Deficiency diseases: Hemolytic anemia, neurologic issues.

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Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

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Major functions: Synthesis of coenzyme A, fatty acid synthesis. Deficiency diseases: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.

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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

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Major functions: Energy production, skin and eye health. Deficiency diseases: Ariboflavinosis, which can cause sore throat, swelling of mucus membranes.

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Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

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Major functions: Carbohydrate and fat metabolism, gene regulation. Deficiency diseases: Dermatitis, hair loss, neurological disorders.

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Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

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Major functions: DNA synthesis, cell growth. Deficiency diseases: Birth defects, megaloblastic anemia.

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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

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Major functions: Red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, nervous system function. Deficiency diseases: Megaloblastic anemia, neurological disorders.

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Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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Major functions: Metabolizing food, skin health, DNA repair. Deficiency diseases: Pellagra, which includes symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia.

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Vitamin A

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Major functions: Vision, immune function, and skin health. Deficiency diseases: Night blindness, immune deficiencies.

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Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

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Major functions: Amino acid metabolism, red blood cell production. Deficiency diseases: Anemia, peripheral neuropathy.

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Vitamin K

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Major functions: Blood clotting, bone metabolism. Deficiency diseases: Bleeding diathesis, increased bleeding and bruising.

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