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Cell Organelles

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Plasma Membrane

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Protects the cell from its surroundings, regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and facilitates cell signaling.

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Golgi Apparatus

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Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

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Vacuoles

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Stores nutrients and waste products, helps in cell growth and protection, and maintains hydrostatic pressure in plant cells.

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Mitochondria

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Produces ATP via aerobic respiration and regulates cellular metabolism.

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Lysosomes

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Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

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Nucleus

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Stores genetic material and coordinates cellular activities.

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Centrosome

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Organizes microtubules and provides structure for the cytoskeleton, playing critical roles during cell division.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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Involved in protein and lipid synthesis; rough ER is studded with ribosomes and smooth ER is not.

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Cytoskeleton

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Provides structural support, enables cellular movement, and aids in cell division and organelle transport.

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Ribosomes

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Synthesize proteins by facilitating the linkage of amino acids.

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Chloroplast

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Conducts photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy as glucose.

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Peroxisomes

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Break down fatty acids and amino acids through oxidative reactions, producing hydrogen peroxide.

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