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Photosynthesis Key Elements
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Stroma
The stroma is the fluid-filled space where the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) take place.
ATP Synthase
ATP Synthase generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during the light-dependent reactions.
Water
Water is split into oxygen, protons, and electrons during the light-dependent reactions.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll captures sunlight energy to split water molecules and start the photosynthesis process.
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco)
Rubisco is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.
Light
Light provides the energy that drives the electrons through the photosystems and the electron transport chain.
Thylakoids
Thylakoids contain pigments like chlorophyll and are the site of the light-dependent reactions.
NADP+ and NADPH
NADP+ accepts electrons during the light-dependent reactions to form NADPH, which carries electrons to the Calvin cycle.
Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)
RuBP is a 5-carbon molecule that combines with CO2 to start the Calvin cycle.
Carbon Dioxide
CO2 is incorporated into organic molecules during the Calvin cycle (carbon fixation).
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