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A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges. Ionic bonds form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom, such as in the formation of table salt (NaCl). Biologically, they are important in nerve conduction and muscle contraction.

A covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amine group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). Peptide bonds form the backbone of protein structures.

A strong covalent bond between two sulfur atoms of two amino acids, mainly cysteines, in a protein. Disulfide bonds help in stabilizing the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.

Weak, short-range electrostatic attractive forces between uncharged molecules, caused by temporary changes in electron density. Important in the correct folding of molecules and in the specificity of enzyme-substrate interactions.

A strong bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. It's fundamental in the building of organic molecules, like DNA and proteins.