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A strong bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. It's fundamental in the building of organic molecules, like DNA and proteins.

A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges. Ionic bonds form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom, such as in the formation of table salt (NaCl). Biologically, they are important in nerve conduction and muscle contraction.

A weak bond between two molecules caused by an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other. Critical in the structure of DNA and protein folding.

Weak, short-range electrostatic attractive forces between uncharged molecules, caused by temporary changes in electron density. Important in the correct folding of molecules and in the specificity of enzyme-substrate interactions.

A strong covalent bond between two sulfur atoms of two amino acids, mainly cysteines, in a protein. Disulfide bonds help in stabilizing the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.