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Molecular Biology Enzymes
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DNA Polymerase
Synthesizes DNA molecules by adding nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction. Used in PCR and DNA replication.
RNA Polymerase
Catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. Used in transcription.
Reverse Transcriptase
Synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. Used in cDNA library construction and RT-PCR.
Restriction Endonuclease
Cuts DNA at specific recognition sequences. Used in molecular cloning and DNA fingerprinting.
Ligase
Joins two DNA strands together by forming a phosphodiester bond. Used in cloning and DNA repair.
Taq Polymerase
A heat-stable DNA polymerase used in PCR to amplify DNA.
Telomerase
Mitigates the shortening of telomeres during DNA replication. Used in studying aging and cancer.
Topoisomerase
Introduces or removes supercoils in DNA. Used in DNA replication and transcription to alleviate torsional strain.
Ribozyme
An RNA enzyme that catalyzes chemical reactions. Used in ribonucleoprotein complexes and RNA processing.
Helicase
Unwinds the double-stranded DNA helix. Used in DNA replication, repair, and transcription.
Exonuclease
Removes nucleotides from the ends of DNA. Used in DNA repair and the removal of mismatched nucleotides.
Endonuclease
Cleaves the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain. Used in DNA repair and RNA processing.
T7 RNA Polymerase
Expresses genes under control of the T7 promoter. Used in high-yield RNA synthesis and in vitro transcription.
Integrase
Integrates viral DNA into the host genome. Used in the study of retroviral infection and gene therapy.
RNase H
Degrades the RNA strand of RNA-DNA hybrids. Used in molecular cloning to remove RNA primers during DNA synthesis.
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