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Mitosis vs. Meiosis
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Chromosome Number in Daughter Cells
Daughter cells from mitosis are diploid (2n); daughter cells from meiosis are haploid (n).
Phase: Metaphase I in Meiosis
Homologous chromosome pairs line up at the metaphase plate together, and microtubules attach to kinetochores.
Number of Divisions
Mitosis involves one division resulting in two daughter cells, whereas meiosis involves two divisions resulting in four daughter cells.
Role of Cohesin Proteins
Cohesin proteins are removed from chromosome arms in mitosis during anaphase; in meiosis, cohesins are removed from chromosome arms in Anaphase I and from centromeres in Anaphase II.
Crossover and Genetic Variation
No crossover in mitosis, so no genetic variation introduced; meiosis has crossover in Prophase I, introducing genetic variation.
Phase: Prophase in Mitosis
Chromosomes condense, but no pairing occurs between homologous chromosomes; nuclear envelope breaks down; spindle apparatus forms.
Genetic Diversity
Meiosis increases genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing over, whereas mitosis produces genetically identical cells.
Phase: Metaphase in Mitosis
Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate individually, and microtubules attach to kinetochores.
Phase: Prophase I in Meiosis
Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments (crossing over); nuclear envelope breaks down; spindle apparatus forms.
Function in the Organism
Mitosis is for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction; meiosis is for sexual reproduction and production of gametes.
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