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Criminology and Sociology

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Control Theory

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People refrain from deviant behavior because diverse factors control their impulses to break social norms.

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Anomie

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A state of normlessness where society fails to effectively regulate the expectations or behaviors of its members, often leading to deviance.

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Social Bond Theory

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The strength of an individual's bond to society inhibits them from engaging in crime.

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Labeling Theory

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People become deviant because certain labels are attached to their behavior by political authorities and others.

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Social Disorganization Theory

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Crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control.

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Feminist Criminology

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Crime and deviance are understood within the context of gender inequality and patriarchy.

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Routine Activities Theory

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The opportunity for crime exists when there is a convergence in space and time of three elements: motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the lack of capable guardians.

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Differential Association

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Deviance is learned through interactions with others; individuals become delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable.

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Conflict Theory

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Crime emerges from the conflicts of social groups and interests, and law is used as a tool by those in power to control others.

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Strain Theory

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Individuals commit crime when there is an inconsistency between societal goals and the means available to achieve these goals.

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