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The blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system. It shows how religions adapt over time and interact with each other, often resulting in unique cultural and religious expressions.

A framework used to classify religious movements based on their level of integration with or separation from the broader society. Churches represent the institutionalized end of the spectrum, while sects are breakaway groups that often form in opposition to perceived corruption in the church.

A movement in Christian theology which emphasizes social concern for the poor and political liberation for oppressed peoples. It is significant for its role in political activism and debates about the interplay between social justice and religious teachings.

A condition in which numerous distinct religious groups exist and interact within the same society. Important for understanding how different religious communities coexist, negotiate shared spaces, and contribute to social diversity.

The process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose social significance. It is important for understanding the changing role of religion in modern societies, especially in the context of increased rationalization and scientific understanding.

A theory stating that the values associated with Protestantism (hard work, frugality, and diligence) have significantly influenced the development of capitalism. This concept highlights the relationship between religion and economic behavior.

A form of religiosity that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture. Fundamentalism is significant in sociological study for its potential influence on social and political dynamics, especially in its opposition to modernist and progressive elements in society.

A concept that refers to the religious or quasi-religious beliefs and practices that are integrated into the political and social institutions of a society. It is important for understanding national identity, unity, and societal values.

Relatively new faiths or spiritual groups that have arisen and established themselves as alternatives to the mainstream religions. Sociologically significant for their innovative practices and often controversial status within society.