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Urbanization and Urban Sociology
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Smart Growth
An urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl. Implications are sustainable communities, better use of public resources, and reduced environmental impacts.
Suburbanization
The growth of areas on the fringes of cities. It implies the migration of population from urban core areas to suburbs, causing potential challenges for urban service delivery and transportation planning.
Urban Ecology
A subfield of sociology studying the relationship between social and spatial organization of cities. Implications are understanding patterns of human behavior in urban contexts and the social consequences of environmental policies.
Urban Form
The physical structure and organization of cities. Urban implications include the shaping of social relationships, community interactions, and the distribution of services.
Gentrification
The process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste. Urban implications include displacement of lower-income families as property values and living costs increase.
Mixed-use Development
A type of urban development that blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment uses into one space. Urban implications include increased walkability and a reduction in traffic congestion.
Urban Sprawl
The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas. Urban implications are increased traffic, environmental degradation, and the loss of rural land.
Urban Renewal
A program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use. Urban implications include potential displacement of communities and changes in urban landscape to stimulate economic growth.
Urban Inequality
The uneven distribution of resources, services, and opportunities within an urban area. It implies social segmentation, potential for increased crime rates, and the persistence of poverty.
Urban Governance
The way that a city is organized and managed, involving the duties and responsibilities of municipal officials. Implications include the ability to adapt to change, tackle social and environmental issues, and maintain cities as functional living spaces.
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