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Types of Social Groups
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Reference Group
Characteristics: Group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves. Examples: Peer group, professional association.
Secondary Group
Characteristics: Larger, more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships. Examples: Corporations, political parties.
Primary Group
Characteristics: Small scale, face-to-face, long term relationships. Examples: Family, close friends.
In-group
Characteristics: A social group with a strong sense of belonging and identity. Examples: Nationalities, cults.
Interest Group
Characteristics: Organized group that aims to influence public policy or promote certain causes. Examples: Lobbyists, advocacy groups.
Out-group
Characteristics: A group that people do not feel belong to or identify with. Examples: Rival sports teams, competing corporations.
Ethnic Group
Characteristics: Groups formed on the basis of shared ethnicity, cultural heritage, language, or religion. Examples: Kurds, Tamils.
Peer Group
Characteristics: A social group consisting of individuals of similar age and status. Examples: Classmates, coworkers.
Professional Group
Characteristics: Associative group based on common profession or occupation, which can offer support and resources to its members. Examples: American Medical Association, bar associations.
Social Movement Group
Characteristics: Large, sometimes informal, groupings of individuals or organizations focused on specific political or social issues. Examples: Civil rights movement, environmental groups.
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