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The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture. It can lead to prejudice and discrimination against people of other ethnicity.

The complex interaction of culture, policy, and institutions that holds in place the race-based advantages and disadvantages of people in a society. It results in generational impacts and significant disparities in health, wealth, education, and justice.

A belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Racism has historically justified the unequal treatment and oppression of non-dominant racial groups.

The societal privileges that benefit white people beyond what is commonly experienced by non-white people under the same social, political, or economic circumstances. It often leads to unconscious advantages and structural benefits for the dominant group.

The concept that racial categories as socially and historically contingent and subject to change. It indicates that race is not a biological fact but rather a constructed identity through socio-political processes.

A geographic area with a high concentration of people from the same ethnicity. These enclaves can foster a sense of community and belonging but may also result from and contribute to social segregation.

A theoretical framework for understanding how various social and political identities (such as race, gender, class) intersect to create unique modes of discrimination and privilege. It challenges singular approaches to social issues and highlights the multi-layered nature of oppression.

Everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership. Microaggressions contribute to a hostile and invalidating social climate for the recipient.

A perspective that promotes the respectful coexistence and mutual understanding among people from various ethnic backgrounds without sacrificing their cultural identities. It encourages diversity and inclusion within society.

An ideology that suggests the best way to end discrimination is by treating individuals as equally as possible, without regard to race, culture, or ethnicity. Critics argue it can ignore historical and ongoing racial inequalities, and deny the existence of systemic racism.

The adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture, often without permission. This can be problematic when the dominant culture adopts cultural elements from marginalized groups in an exploitative or disrespectful manner.