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Research Methods in Sociology
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Survey Research
A quantitative method for collecting data from a predefined group by using standardized questionnaires or interviews. Used when sociologists want to collect data on phenomena that can't be directly observed.
Ethnography
A qualitative research method where researchers immerse themselves in a community or organization to observe behaviors and interactions directly. Used to understand the social dynamics and cultural norms of a specific group.
Historical Research
The study of past records and archives to uncover patterns, concepts, and ideas that inform our understanding of history. Utilized to examine how societal transformations occur over time.
Content Analysis
A research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitative description of manifest content of communication. It's used to analyze words, phrases, and meaning in various media forms.
Case Study
An in-depth examination of a single instance or event: a person, group, or organization. Used to develop detailed, contextual, and holistic analysis of a subject.
Comparative Research
A methodology used to compare two or more societies, cultures, states, or institutions to understand similarities and differences. It's useful for identifying general patterns or unique aspects.
Longitudinal Study
Research that follows the same subjects over a prolonged period of time, allowing for the study of long-term effects or trends. Used to identify how variables change over time.
Experiment
A research method that tests causal relationships by manipulating an independent variable to determine its effect on a dependent variable. Used in controlled settings to establish cause-and-effect.
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