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Alternative Fuels for Transportation

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Biogas

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Composed of methane produced by the fermentation of organic matter, biogas can replace natural gas with a lower carbon footprint.

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Propane (LPG)

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A byproduct of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, propane is clean-burning and produces fewer greenhouse gases than gasoline.

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Algal Biofuel

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Derived from algae, this biofuel can have a high yield per acre and offers a significant reduction in CO2_{2} emissions compared to fossil fuels.

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell

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A device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water. Zero tailpipe emissions - only water vapor.

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Ammonia (NH3)

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Can be burned in an internal combustion engine or used in a fuel cell. When produced from renewable energy, results in zero CO2_{2} emissions.

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Air

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Compressed or liquid air can be used to store and release energy in vehicles. An emission-free alternative when the air is compressed using renewable energy sources.

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Wood Gas

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Produced by gasifying wood or other biomass. Can be used as a fuel for heating or for internal combustion engines, with lower CO2_{2} emissions.

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Electricity (Battery Electric Vehicles)

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Vehicles powered by electric motors using energy stored in batteries. No tailpipe emissions and can be charged with renewable energy.

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Natural Gas

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Consists primarily of methane and emits less CO2_{2} than gasoline or diesel. Can be compressed or liquefied for use in vehicles.

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Methanol

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A liquid chemical made primarily from natural gas that can be used as a fuel in vehicles. Offers potential for reduced emissions.

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Ethanol

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A biofuel made by fermenting plant sugars from corn or sugarcane. Offers reduced carbon monoxide and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)

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A renewable diesel produced by hydrotreating vegetable oils or animal fats. It enables high-quality fuel with reduced CO2_{2} emissions.

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Dimethyl Ether (DME)

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A clean-burning diesel alternative that can be produced from natural gas, coal, or biomass. Results in low NOx and particulate matter emissions.

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Fischer-Tropsch Diesel

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A synthetic fuel created by converting carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons, using biomass as a feedstock reduces CO2_{2} emissions.

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Butanol

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An alcohol that can be used as a fuel and has a higher energy density than ethanol. Can be produced from biomass and used in combustion engines with fewer modifications.

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P-Series Fuels

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A blend of natural gas liquids, ethanol, and a co-solvent. Offers a reduction in emissions and can be used in flex-fuel vehicles.

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Biodiesel

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A renewable fuel made from biomass, typically vegetable oils or animal fats. Lowers greenhouse gas emissions and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

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Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL)

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Refers to the process of converting biomass into liquid fuels, such as synthetic diesel. Benefits include a reduction of SOx, NOx, and particulate emissions.

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Formic Acid

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A carrier of hydrogen that can be used in fuel cells, produced from carbon dioxide and offering a way to reduce GHG in the atmosphere.

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Solar Fuel

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Synthetic chemical fuels produced directly or indirectly using solar energy, offering the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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