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Alternative Fuels for Transportation
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Biogas
Composed of methane produced by the fermentation of organic matter, biogas can replace natural gas with a lower carbon footprint.
Propane (LPG)
A byproduct of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, propane is clean-burning and produces fewer greenhouse gases than gasoline.
Algal Biofuel
Derived from algae, this biofuel can have a high yield per acre and offers a significant reduction in CO emissions compared to fossil fuels.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
A device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water. Zero tailpipe emissions - only water vapor.
Ammonia (NH3)
Can be burned in an internal combustion engine or used in a fuel cell. When produced from renewable energy, results in zero CO emissions.
Air
Compressed or liquid air can be used to store and release energy in vehicles. An emission-free alternative when the air is compressed using renewable energy sources.
Wood Gas
Produced by gasifying wood or other biomass. Can be used as a fuel for heating or for internal combustion engines, with lower CO emissions.
Electricity (Battery Electric Vehicles)
Vehicles powered by electric motors using energy stored in batteries. No tailpipe emissions and can be charged with renewable energy.
Natural Gas
Consists primarily of methane and emits less CO than gasoline or diesel. Can be compressed or liquefied for use in vehicles.
Methanol
A liquid chemical made primarily from natural gas that can be used as a fuel in vehicles. Offers potential for reduced emissions.
Ethanol
A biofuel made by fermenting plant sugars from corn or sugarcane. Offers reduced carbon monoxide and greenhouse gas emissions.
Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)
A renewable diesel produced by hydrotreating vegetable oils or animal fats. It enables high-quality fuel with reduced CO emissions.
Dimethyl Ether (DME)
A clean-burning diesel alternative that can be produced from natural gas, coal, or biomass. Results in low NOx and particulate matter emissions.
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
A synthetic fuel created by converting carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons, using biomass as a feedstock reduces CO emissions.
Butanol
An alcohol that can be used as a fuel and has a higher energy density than ethanol. Can be produced from biomass and used in combustion engines with fewer modifications.
P-Series Fuels
A blend of natural gas liquids, ethanol, and a co-solvent. Offers a reduction in emissions and can be used in flex-fuel vehicles.
Biodiesel
A renewable fuel made from biomass, typically vegetable oils or animal fats. Lowers greenhouse gas emissions and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL)
Refers to the process of converting biomass into liquid fuels, such as synthetic diesel. Benefits include a reduction of SOx, NOx, and particulate emissions.
Formic Acid
A carrier of hydrogen that can be used in fuel cells, produced from carbon dioxide and offering a way to reduce GHG in the atmosphere.
Solar Fuel
Synthetic chemical fuels produced directly or indirectly using solar energy, offering the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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