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An ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, and use of resistant varieties.

A system of agricultural and social design principles centered around simulating or directly utilizing the patterns and features observed in natural ecosystems to create sustainable and self-maintained habitats.

An agricultural method of planting multiple crops in the same space to mimic the diversity of natural ecosystems, increasing resilience to pests and diseases and improving overall yield.

A land use management system where trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, and sustainable land-use systems.

Practices such as contour farming, terracing, and the use of cover crops to prevent soil erosion and loss of fertility, which are critical for sustaining soil health and productivity.

The alteration of the genetic makeup of crops to promote desired traits such as disease resistance or drought tolerance, potentially reducing the need for chemical inputs and improving crop resilience.

A conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems that focuses on regenerating topsoil, increasing biodiversity, improving the water cycle, and enhancing ecosystem services.

An approach that aims to offer a fair, healthy, and environmentally-friendly food system, involving more sustainable food production, processing, distribution, and consumption.

A form of alternative agriculture very similar to organic farming, but it includes various esoteric concepts drawn from the ideas of Rudolf Steiner. It aims to create a diversified, balanced farm ecosystem that generates health and fertility as much as possible from within the farm itself.

A farming management concept based on observing, measuring, and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops to optimize returns on inputs while preserving resources.

The planting of multiple species and varieties of crops to promote genetic diversity, leading to greater resilience against pests and diseases and reducing the reliance on agricultural inputs.

A practice where different types of crops are grown in succession on the same land to maintain soil health and reduce pests. It enhances nutrient cycling and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers.

Aquaculture practices designed to ensure the long-term viability of the aquatic environment and production, including reducing pollution, disease, and minimizing resource use.

An agricultural technique that involves growing crops without disturbing the soil through tillage, thereby reducing soil erosion and improving soil health and carbon sequestration.

The practice of producing food in vertically stacked layers or structures to increase production per area and reduce land use. It often incorporates controlled-environment agriculture, which optimizes plant growth.

The practice of growing different plants together for mutual benefit, such as pest control or pollination. It reduces the need for chemical pesticides and enhances biodiversity.

Utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, or biomass for agricultural operations helps in reducing the carbon footprint and dependence on non-renewable energy.

An integrated system combining aquaculture with hydroponics where fish waste provides nutrients for plants, which in turn purify the water. It conserves water and reduces the need for artificial nutrients.

Agricultural practices that do not use synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. It relies on natural substances and beneficial insects and promotes ecological balance and biodiversity.