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A practice where organic waste decomposes naturally under oxygen-rich conditions, producing nutrient-rich soil.

A system where the waste or byproducts of one industry or industrial process become the raw materials for another.

The process of transforming by-products, waste materials, or unwanted products into new materials or products perceived to be of greater quality.

The use of plants to absorb, transfer, stabilize, or destroy contaminants in soil, sediments, and groundwater.

A philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource lifecycles so that all products are reused, aiming to eliminate waste completely.

The use of microorganisms, fungi, plants or enzyme to return an environment altered by contaminants to its original condition.

A recycling practice where waste materials are converted into new products of lesser quality and reduced functionality.

The practice of developing sustainable technologies inspired by biological processes and structures to manage waste.

The accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off.

A technology that produces energy in the form of electricity or heat from the primary treatment of waste.

The process of recycling water from baths, sinks, washing machines, and other kitchen appliances for reuse in irrigation or flushing toilets.

A process where microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen, often resulting in biogas.

The proper disposal and recycling of electronic devices to recover materials and reduce environmental harm from hazardous substances.

A specialized plant that receives, separates, and prepares recyclable materials for marketing to end-user manufacturers.

Efforts taken to reduce the amount of waste being sent to landfills by employing alternative disposal methods like recycling or composting.

A charcoal-like material that is produced by pyrolysis of biomass and is used in soil amendment to store carbon and improve soil fertility.

A technique to assess the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, process, or service, from raw material acquisition to disposal.

Efforts to reduce waste and pollution by altering the design, manufacture, or use of products and materials.

The process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects, reducing the need for raw material extraction.